A 500.0-mL buffer solution is 0.100 M in HNO₂ and 0...

Question

A 500.0-mL buffer solution is 0.100 M in HNO₂ and 0.150 M in KNO₂. Determine if each addition would exceed the capacity of the buffer to neutralize it. a. 250 mg NaOH

Accepted Answer

1. First, we need to understand what a buffer is. A buffer is a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components. It is able to neutralize small amounts of added acid or base, thus maintaining the pH of the solution relatively stable. This is achieved by including a weak acid and its conjugate base in the solution. In this case, HNO_{2} is the weak acid and KNO_{2} is the salt of its conjugate base NO_{2}^{-}.. 2. The capacity of a buffer is the amount of acid or base that can be added to it without causing a significant change in pH. It is directly proportional to the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base in the buffer. In this case, the buffer is 0.100 M in HNO_{2} and 0.150 M in KNO_{2}.. 3. To determine if the addition of NaOH would exceed the buffer's capacity, we need to calculate the moles of NaOH added. NaOH is a strong base and will react with the weak acid HNO_{2} in the buffer. The molar mass of NaOH is approximately 40 g/mol. So, 250 mg (or 0.250 g) of NaOH is 0.250 g / 40 g/mol = 0.00625 mol.. 4. The buffer can neutralize 0.100 mol/L * 0.500 L = 0.050 mol of NaOH. This is because the HNO_{2} can react with the $$OH^{-}$$ ions from the NaOH to form water and NO_{2}^{-} ions.. 5. Compare the moles of NaOH added to the buffer's capacity. If the moles of NaOH added is less than or equal to the buffer's capacity, then the buffer can neutralize the added NaOH. If the moles of NaOH added is greater than the buffer's capacity, then the buffer cannot neutralize all of the added NaOH, and the pH of the solution will change significantly.

A 500.0-mL buffer solution is 0.100 M in HNO₂ and 0.150 M in KNO₂. Determine if each addition would exceed the capacity of the buffer to neutralize it. a. 250 mg NaOH

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Buffer Solutions

Buffer Capacity

Calculating Moles of Added Substance

A 500.0-mL buffer solution is 0.100 M in HNO2 and 0.150 M in KNO2. Determine if each addition would exceed the capacity of the buffer to neutralize it. a. 250 mg NaOH

Risposta video verificata per un problema simile:

Concetti chiave

Buffer Solutions

Buffer Capacity

Calculating Moles of Added Substance

A 500.0-mL buffer solution is 0.100 M in HNO₂ and 0.150 M in KNO₂. Determine if each addition would exceed the capacity of the buffer to neutralize it. a. 250 mg NaOH