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Ch.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO Theory
Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 6th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoTro 6th EditionCh.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO TheoryProblema 54a
Capitolo 11, Problema 54a

The valence electron configurations of several atoms are shown here. How many bonds can each atom make without hybridization? a. F 2s22p5

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Identify the number of valence electrons for the atom. For fluorine (F), the valence electron configuration is 2s^2 2p^5, which means it has 7 valence electrons.
Determine the number of electrons needed to complete the octet. Fluorine needs 1 more electron to complete its octet, as it has 7 valence electrons and needs 8 to be stable.
Understand that the number of bonds an atom can form is typically equal to the number of electrons it needs to complete its octet. Therefore, fluorine can form 1 bond.
Consider the type of bond fluorine will form. Since it needs 1 electron, it will typically form a single covalent bond by sharing one electron with another atom.
Conclude that without hybridization, fluorine can form 1 single covalent bond to achieve a stable electron configuration.

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Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom and are crucial in determining how an atom can bond with others. The number of valence electrons influences an atom's reactivity and the types of bonds it can form. For example, fluorine (F) has seven valence electrons, which allows it to form one bond to achieve a stable octet.
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Transition Metals Valence Electrons

Bonding Capacity

Bonding capacity refers to the maximum number of bonds an atom can form based on its valence electron configuration. Atoms tend to form bonds to achieve a full outer shell, typically following the octet rule. In the case of fluorine, with its configuration of 2s²2p⁵, it can form one bond to complete its octet.
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Heat Capacity

Hybridization

Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to create new hybrid orbitals for bonding. However, the question specifies 'without hybridization,' meaning we consider the bonding capacity based solely on the existing atomic orbitals. For fluorine, this means evaluating its ability to form bonds using its unhybridized p orbitals.
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Hybridization
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Domanda del libro di testo

The valence electron configurations of several atoms are shown here. How many bonds can each atom make without hybridization? c. Be 2s2

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The valence electron configurations of several atoms are shown here. How many bonds can each atom make without hybridization? c. O 2s2sp4

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The valence electron configurations of several atoms are shown here. How many bonds can each atom make without hybridization? a. N 2s22p3

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The valence electron configurations of several atoms are shown here. How many bonds can each atom make without hybridization? b. B 2s2sp1

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Domanda del libro di testo

Write orbital diagrams (boxes with arrows in them) to represent the electron configurations—without hybridization—for all the atoms in SF2. Circle the electrons involved in bonding. Draw a three-dimensional sketch of the molecule and show orbital overlap. What bond angle do you expect from the unhybridized orbitals? How well does valence bond theory agree with the experimentally measured bond angle of 98.2° ?

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