Question 1

Which statement best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins.

Question 2

Which of the following best defines 'genomics'?

Accepted Answer

The study of the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

Question 3

A scientist is using bioinformatics to analyze a large set of DNA sequences. Which tool is she most likely using?

Accepted Answer

A computer algorithm to compare genetic sequences.

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

A gene is located at 7q31.2. What does this chromosomal designation indicate?

Accepted Answer

The gene is on the long arm of chromosome 7 at region 31.2.

Question 6

In a classic Mendelian monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes ($$Aa 	imes Aa$$), what is the expected genotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1 (AA$$:Aa:aa)

Question 7

A dihybrid cross ($$AaBb 	imes AaBb) is $$performed. What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation, assuming independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 8

If a man with blood type AB marries a woman with blood type O, what are the possible blood types of their children?

Accepted Answer

A and B only

Question 9

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype.

Question 10

A woman who is a carrier for hemophilia (an X-linked recessive disorder) marries a man without hemophilia. What is the probability that their son will have hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

$$0.50$$

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a sex-influenced trait?

Accepted Answer

Pattern baldness

Question 12

In a population, the frequency of allele $$A is$$ $$0.6$$ and allele $$a is$$ $$0.4. $$According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($$Aa$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$0.48$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It contains the genetic material and controls cellular activities.

Question 14

A couple, both with genotype $$I^A I^O$$ for blood type, have a child. What is the probability that the child will have blood type O?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 15

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria contain their own DNA and are inherited maternally.

Question 16

A geneticist uses a Punnett square to predict the outcome of a cross between two pea plants, both heterozygous for yellow seed color ($$Yy). $$What is the probability that an offspring will have green seeds (recessive phenotype)?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct interpretation of Mendel's law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the field of proteomics?

Accepted Answer

The study of the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome.

Question 19

A man with genotype $$X^bY ($$where $$b is a $$recessive allele for color blindness) marries a woman with genotype $$X^BX^b. $$What is the probability that their daughter will be color blind?

Accepted Answer

$$0.00$$

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces pink-flowered offspring.

Genetics: Core Concepts, Cell Structure, Mendelian Inheritance, and Extensions

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