Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis increases genetic diversity through crossing over and independent assortment.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the result in terms of chromosome structure?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication occurs during S phase, resulting in chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere.

Question 3

A human cell in G1 phase contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromatids will be present in the same cell during G2 phase?

Accepted Answer

$$92$$

Question 4

Which of the following events occurs during prophase I of meiosis but NOT during prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 5

A diploid organism has a chromosome number of $$2n = 8. $$After meiosis, how many chromosomes will each gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 6

Which structure is responsible for attaching spindle fibers to chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochore

Question 7

In a case of nondisjunction during meiosis I in a human female, what is the most likely chromosomal outcome in the resulting gametes?

Accepted Answer

Half the gametes will have $$n + 1$$ chromosomes and half will have $$n - 1$$ chromosomes.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why homologous chromosomes are not genetically identical?

Accepted Answer

They contain the same genes but may have different alleles due to small sequence differences.

Question 9

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 10

A mutation disrupts the function of the centrioles in an animal cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Spindle fiber organization during mitosis

Question 11

Which of the following statements about binary fission in prokaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission produces genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 12

During oogenesis in humans, why does only one of the four cells produced by meiosis become a functional egg?

Accepted Answer

Because the divisions are asymmetric, resulting in one large cell (the egg) and three small polar bodies.

Question 13

If a cell is observed to have chromosomes aligned in a double row at the metaphase plate, which process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I metaphase

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of possible combinations of chromosomes in gametes due to independent assortment, where $$n is $$the haploid number?

Accepted Answer

$$2^n$$

Question 15

A cell in the G0 phase of the cell cycle is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A cell that has exited the cell cycle and is not dividing.

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct consequence of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Increased genetic variation among gametes

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the centromere during cell division?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where sister chromatids are joined and where spindle fibers attach.

Question 18

A cancer cell is found to have an abnormal number of chromosomes. This condition is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Aneuploidy

Question 19

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have the same genes at the same loci but may have different alleles.

Mitosis and Meiosis: Cellular Basis of Genetic Inheritance

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