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On what basis have we concluded that proteins are the end products of genetic expression?
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Ch. 13 - Translation and Proteins
Klug10th EditionEssentials of GeneticsISBN: 9780135588789
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Genetics16
- Ch. 2 - Mitosis and Meiosis28
- Ch. 3 - Mendelian Genetics37
- Ch. 4 - Modification of Mendelian Ratios53
- Ch. 5 - Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes32
- Ch. 6 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement37
- Ch. 7 - Linkage and Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes36
- Ch. 8 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages24
- Ch. 9 - DNA Structure and Analysis38
- Ch. 10 - DNA Replication29
- Ch. 11 - Chromosome Structure and DNA Sequence Organization22
- Ch. 12 - The Genetic Code and Transcription36
- Ch. 13 - Translation and Proteins27
- Ch. 14 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition34
- Ch. 15 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria22
- Ch. 16 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes37
- Ch. 17 - Recombinant DNA Technology27
- Ch. 18 - Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Proteomics30
- Ch. 19 - The Genetics of Cancer21
- Ch. 20 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits37
- Ch. 21 - Population and Evolutionary Genetics45
Klug10th EditionEssentials of GeneticsISBN: 9780135588789Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 13, Problema 1b
What experimental information verifies that certain codons in mRNA specify chain termination during translation?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Understand that the question asks about experimental evidence showing that specific codons in mRNA act as stop signals during translation, causing the protein chain to terminate.
Recall that the key experimental approach involved using synthetic mRNAs with known sequences and observing the resulting polypeptides produced in cell-free translation systems.
One classic experiment used synthetic mRNAs composed of repeating codons (e.g., poly-U, poly-A) to determine which amino acids were incorporated, and then introduced mutations or specific codons suspected to be stop codons to see if translation halted.
Analyze how researchers identified that certain codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) do not correspond to any amino acid but instead cause the ribosome to release the polypeptide chain, by observing truncated proteins or lack of amino acid incorporation beyond these codons.
Summarize that the experimental verification comes from comparing protein products synthesized from mRNAs with and without these codons, demonstrating that the presence of these codons leads to termination of translation.
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The Genetic Code and Codons
The genetic code consists of triplet codons in mRNA, each specifying an amino acid or a stop signal during translation. Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) do not code for amino acids but signal the termination of protein synthesis, ensuring the polypeptide chain is released at the correct point.
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11:43
The Genetic Code
Experimental Evidence for Stop Codons
Experiments using synthetic mRNAs and in vitro translation systems demonstrated that specific codons cause translation to halt. For example, researchers observed that when stop codons were present, no corresponding amino acid was incorporated, and the polypeptide chain was released, confirming their role in termination.
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08:18Evolution
Role of Release Factors in Translation Termination
Release factors are proteins that recognize stop codons during translation and promote the release of the newly synthesized polypeptide from the ribosome. Their discovery and characterization provided biochemical proof that certain codons signal chain termination rather than coding for amino acids.
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01:55Translation Termination
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