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What techniques can scientists use to determine if a particular transgene has been integrated into the genome of an organism?
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Ch. 20 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits
Klug10th EditionEssentials of GeneticsISBN: 9780135588789
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Genetics16
- Ch. 2 - Mitosis and Meiosis28
- Ch. 3 - Mendelian Genetics37
- Ch. 4 - Modification of Mendelian Ratios53
- Ch. 5 - Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes32
- Ch. 6 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement37
- Ch. 7 - Linkage and Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes36
- Ch. 8 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages24
- Ch. 9 - DNA Structure and Analysis38
- Ch. 10 - DNA Replication29
- Ch. 11 - Chromosome Structure and DNA Sequence Organization22
- Ch. 12 - The Genetic Code and Transcription36
- Ch. 13 - Translation and Proteins27
- Ch. 14 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition34
- Ch. 15 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria22
- Ch. 16 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes37
- Ch. 17 - Recombinant DNA Technology27
- Ch. 18 - Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Proteomics30
- Ch. 19 - The Genetics of Cancer21
- Ch. 20 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits37
- Ch. 21 - Population and Evolutionary Genetics45
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Klug 10th EditionCh. 20 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial TraitsProblema 20a
Klug 10th EditionCh. 20 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial TraitsProblema 20aCapitolo 20, Problema 20a
In a population of 100 inbred, genotypically identical rice plants, variance for grain yield is 4.67. What is the heritability for yield? Would you advise a rice breeder to improve yield in this strain of rice plants by selection?
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Understand the concept of heritability in the broad sense, which is the proportion of the total phenotypic variance that is due to genetic variance. It is given by the formula: \(H^2 = \frac{V_G}{V_P}\), where \(V_G\) is the genetic variance and \(V_P\) is the total phenotypic variance.
Note that the population consists of inbred, genotypically identical rice plants. Since all plants are genetically identical, the genetic variance \(V_G\) is effectively zero because there is no genetic variation among individuals.
Recognize that the observed variance in grain yield (4.67) must therefore be due to environmental variance \(V_E\), since \(V_P = V_G + V_E\) and \(V_G = 0\) in this case.
Calculate heritability using the formula \(H^2 = \frac{V_G}{V_P}\). Since \(V_G = 0\), heritability \(H^2\) will be zero, indicating no genetic contribution to the observed variance in yield.
Interpret the result: with zero heritability, selection for improved yield in this strain will not be effective because the variation in yield is not due to genetic differences. Advise the breeder accordingly.
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Heritability in the Broad Sense
Heritability in the broad sense (H²) measures the proportion of total phenotypic variance in a trait that is due to genetic variance. It is calculated as the ratio of genetic variance to total phenotypic variance. In inbred, genotypically identical populations, genetic variance is minimal or zero, affecting heritability estimates.
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07:04
Calculating Heritability
Phenotypic Variance and Genetic Variance
Phenotypic variance (Vp) is the total variation observed in a trait, arising from both genetic (Vg) and environmental (Ve) factors. In genetically identical populations, Vg is near zero, so Vp mainly reflects environmental variance. Understanding these components is essential to interpret heritability and predict response to selection.
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08:34Analyzing Trait Variance
Selection and Breeding Implications
Selection effectiveness depends on heritability; high heritability means genetic factors strongly influence the trait, so selection can improve it. In populations with low or zero genetic variance, selection is unlikely to yield improvement, as observed variation is mostly environmental and not heritable.
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04:15Artificial Selection
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Domanda del libro di testo
Suppose you want to develop a population of Drosophila that would rapidly learn to avoid certain substances the flies could detect by smell. Based on the heritability estimate you obtained in Problem 16, do you think it would be worth doing this by artificial selection? Why or why not?
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Domanda del libro di testo
In a population of tomato plants, mean fruit weight is 60 g and h² is 0.3. Predict the mean weight of the progeny if tomato plants whose fruit averaged 80 g were selected from the original population and interbred.
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