Domanda del libro di testo
Describe the difference between an acute transforming virus and a virus that does not cause tumors.
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Ch. 24 - Cancer Genetics
Klug12th EditionConcepts of GeneticsISBN: 9780135564776
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Genetics17
- Ch. 2 - Mitosis and Meiosis36
- Ch. 3 - Mendelian Genetics51
- Ch. 4 - Extensions of Mendelian Genetics74
- Ch. 5 - Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes51
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages46
- Ch. 7 - Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes33
- Ch. 8 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement40
- Ch. 9 - Extranuclear Inheritance31
- Ch. 10 - DNA Structure and Analysis43
- Ch. 11 - DNA Replication and Recombination44
- Ch. 12 - DNA Organization in Chromosomes30
- Ch. 13 - The Genetic Code and Transcription54
- Ch. 14 - Translation and Proteins47
- Ch. 15 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition41
- Ch. 16 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria29
- Ch. 17 - Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes41
- Ch. 18 - Post-transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes33
- Ch. 19 - Epigenetics33
- Ch. 20 - Recombinant DNA Technology44
- Ch. 21 - Genomic Analysis36
- Ch. 22 - Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology36
- Ch. 23 - Developmental Genetics37
- Ch. 24 - Cancer Genetics34
- Ch. 25 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits54
- Ch. 26 - Population and Evolutionary Genetics45
Klug12th EditionConcepts of GeneticsISBN: 9780135564776Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 24, Problema 22
Genetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor-suppressor genes are widely available. These tests reveal a number of mutations in these genes—mutations that have been linked to familial breast cancer. Assume that a young woman in a suspected breast cancer family takes the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic tests and receives negative results. That is, she does not test positive for the mutant alleles of BRCA1 or BRCA2. Can she consider herself free of risk for breast cancer?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Understand the role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes: These are tumor-suppressor genes, and mutations in them are known to significantly increase the risk of familial breast cancer.
Recognize what a negative test result means: A negative result indicates that the woman does not carry the specific mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 that the test screens for.
Consider the limitations of genetic testing: Not all mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 may be detected by the test, and there are other genes and environmental factors that can contribute to breast cancer risk.
Evaluate the concept of residual risk: Even with a negative test, the woman may still have a baseline or familial risk of breast cancer due to other genetic or non-genetic factors.
Conclude that a negative BRCA1 and BRCA2 test reduces but does not eliminate breast cancer risk, so she should continue regular screening and consult with a genetic counselor or healthcare provider for personalized risk assessment.
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Role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genes
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor-suppressor genes that help repair DNA damage and maintain genomic stability. Mutations in these genes can impair their function, increasing the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers. However, not all breast cancers are caused by mutations in these genes, so their presence or absence only partially predicts cancer risk.
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11:19
Segmentation Genes
Genetic Testing and Interpretation of Results
Genetic tests for BRCA1 and BRCA2 identify known mutations linked to higher cancer risk, but a negative result means no detected mutations, not zero risk. Some mutations may be unknown or undetectable, and other genetic or environmental factors can also influence cancer risk. Thus, a negative test reduces but does not eliminate the possibility of developing breast cancer.
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11:35History of Genetics
Multifactorial Nature of Breast Cancer Risk
Breast cancer risk is influenced by multiple factors including genetics, lifestyle, environment, and hormonal influences. Besides BRCA mutations, other genes and non-genetic factors contribute to risk. Therefore, even without BRCA mutations, individuals from high-risk families may still have an elevated risk due to other inherited or acquired factors.
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09:46Cancer Characteristics
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Domanda del libro di testo
Epigenetics is a relatively new area of genetics with a focus on phenomena that affect gene expression but do not affect DNA sequence. Epigenetic effects are quasi-stable and may be passed to progeny somatic or germ-line cells. What are known causes of epigenetic effects, and how do they relate to cancer?
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Domanda del libro di testo
Explain the apparent paradox that both hypermethylation and hypomethylation of DNA are often found in the same cancer cell.
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Domanda del libro di testo
Mutations in tumor-suppressor genes are associated with many types of cancers. In addition, epigenetic changes (such as DNA methylation) of tumor-suppressor genes are also associated with tumorigenesis [Otani et al. (2013).
Expert Rev Mol Diagn 13:445-455].
How might hypermethylation of the TP53 gene promoter influence tumorigenesis?
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Domanda del libro di testo
As part of a cancer research project, you have discovered a gene that is mutated in many metastatic tumors. After determining the DNA sequence of this gene, you compare the sequence with those of other genes in the human genome sequence database. Your gene appears to code for an amino acid sequence that resembles sequences found in some serine proteases. Conjecture how your new gene might contribute to the development of highly invasive cancers.
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Domanda del libro di testo
Radiotherapy (treatment with ionizing radiation) is one of the most effective current cancer treatments. It works by damaging DNA and other cellular components. In which ways could radiotherapy control or cure cancer, and why does radiotherapy often have significant side effects?
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