Skip to main content
Ch.4 Atoms and Elements
Timberlake - Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 14th Edition
Timberlake14th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9781292472249Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoTimberlake 14th EditionCh.4 Atoms and ElementsProblema 114
Capitolo 4, Problema 114

Why is the ionization energy of Cl lower than F, but higher than that of S?

Guida verificata passo dopo passo
1
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in the gaseous state. It depends on factors such as nuclear charge, electron shielding, and atomic radius.
Fluorine (F) has a smaller atomic radius than chlorine (Cl), meaning its valence electrons are closer to the nucleus and experience a stronger electrostatic attraction. This makes it harder to remove an electron from F, resulting in a higher ionization energy compared to Cl.
Chlorine (Cl) has a larger atomic radius than F, so its valence electrons are farther from the nucleus and experience slightly less attraction. This makes it easier to remove an electron from Cl, giving it a lower ionization energy than F.
Sulfur (S) has a larger atomic radius than Cl and also has one more electron in its valence shell. The additional electron increases electron-electron repulsion, which slightly reduces the effective nuclear attraction on the outermost electrons. This makes it easier to remove an electron from S, resulting in a lower ionization energy compared to Cl.
In summary, the ionization energy trend is influenced by atomic radius, nuclear charge, and electron shielding. F has the highest ionization energy due to its small size and strong nuclear attraction, Cl has a lower ionization energy than F but higher than S due to its intermediate size and shielding effects, and S has the lowest ionization energy among the three due to its larger size and increased electron repulsion.

Risposta video verificata per un problema simile:

Questa soluzione video è stata consigliata dai nostri tutor come utile per risolvere questo problema.
Durata del video:
9m

Concetti chiave

Ecco i concetti essenziali che devi comprendere per rispondere correttamente alla domanda.

Ionization Energy

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state. It reflects the strength of the attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. Generally, ionization energy increases across a period due to increasing nuclear charge and decreases down a group due to increased electron shielding.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
02:13
Periodic Trend: Ionization Energy (Simplified) Concept 1

Atomic Structure and Electron Configuration

The atomic structure of an element, including its electron configuration, plays a crucial role in determining its ionization energy. Fluorine (F) has a higher ionization energy than chlorine (Cl) because it has a smaller atomic radius and fewer electron shells, leading to a stronger attraction between the nucleus and its outermost electron.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
01:08
The Electron Configuration: Condensed

Electron Shielding

Electron shielding occurs when inner-shell electrons repel outer-shell electrons, reducing the effective nuclear charge felt by the outer electrons. In the case of sulfur (S), the additional electron shells compared to chlorine lead to greater shielding, resulting in a lower ionization energy for sulfur than for chlorine, despite sulfur being further down the periodic table.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
01:23
Electronic Structure: Electron Spin Concept 1
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo

Why is the ionization energy of Ca higher than K, but lower than that of Mg?

2685
views
Domanda del libro di testo

Give the symbol of the element that has the

a. largest atomic size in Group 1A (1)

1698
views
Domanda del libro di testo

Give the symbol of the element that has the

e. most metallic character in Group 2A (2)

1562
views
Domanda del libro di testo

Give the symbol of the element that has the

b. largest atomic size in Period 4

1763
views