Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between cell size and surface area, and why is this relationship important for cellular function?

Accepted Answer

As cell size increases, volume increases faster than surface area, which can limit the rate of diffusion and nutrient exchange.

Question 2

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins, and what is its shape?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome; spherical or small granule-like

Question 3

A scientist is using a microscope to observe the internal structure of a cell in high detail. Which type of microscopy should they use, and why?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy, because it allows visualization of internal cell structures at very high resolution.

Question 4

Which of the following elements is most abundant in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 5

Why is DNA considered essential for life?

Accepted Answer

It encodes genetic information necessary for the synthesis of proteins and inheritance.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Question 7

A molecule is considered polar if:

Accepted Answer

It has an uneven distribution of electrons, resulting in partial positive and negative charges.

Question 8

What happens when a negatively charged element interacts with a positively charged element?

Accepted Answer

They attract each other and can form an ionic bond.

Question 9

A solution has a pH of 3. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic because its pH is below 7.

Question 10

Which of the following correctly lists the steps of the scientific method in order?

Accepted Answer

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion

Question 11

Homeostasis is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Question 12

Which of the following is a difference between an element and a molecule?

Accepted Answer

An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom, while a molecule is made of two or more atoms bonded together.

Question 13

Which characteristic is shared by both living and nonliving things?

Accepted Answer

Presence of atoms and molecules

Question 14

Why is radioisotope technology important in biological research?

Accepted Answer

It enables tracking of molecules and metabolic processes within organisms.

Question 15

How can atoms change their charges?

Accepted Answer

By gaining or losing electrons.

Question 16

Which process describes the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Question 17

During the electron transport chain, most ATP is produced by which protein complex?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase

Question 18

Which of the following can freely pass through the plasma membrane without assistance?

Accepted Answer

Small nonpolar molecules

Question 19

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will remain the same size because water moves in and out equally.

Question 20

Which type of muscle is found in the stomach, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle; involuntary contraction for digestion

BIOS 110 Exam 1 Review: Foundations of Human Biology (Chapters 1-4)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard