Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small in size rather than large?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

A scientist is using a microscope to observe the internal structure of mitochondria. Which type of microscopy should they use for the highest resolution?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 4

Which of the following elements is NOT among the four most abundant elements in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Iron (Fe)

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

An ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons, while a covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons.

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic because its pH is less than 7.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 8

Which protein complex is responsible for producing most of the ATP during the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase

Question 9

Which of the following molecules can most easily pass through the plasma membrane without assistance?

Accepted Answer

Small nonpolar molecules like $$O_2$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes an isotonic solution and its effect on animal cells?

Accepted Answer

An isotonic solution has the same solute concentration as the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 12

Which of the following statements about DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA stores genetic information necessary for the synthesis of proteins.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the scientific method in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

Observation, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, conclusion

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by both living and nonliving things?

Accepted Answer

Composed of atoms

Question 15

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Question 16

Which of the following best describes active transport?

Accepted Answer

The movement of substances against their concentration gradient using energy (usually ATP).

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why radioisotope technology is important in biology?

Accepted Answer

It allows scientists to trace the movement of substances within organisms.

Question 18

Which of the following is a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Blood

Question 19

Which type of cell junction allows for the passage of ions and small molecules directly between neighboring cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 20

During the citric acid cycle, which electron carriers are reduced and from where do they receive electrons?

Accepted Answer

$$NAD^+$$ and $$FAD$$ are reduced to $$NADH$$ and $$FADH_2 by $$accepting electrons from the oxidation of acetyl-CoA.

BIOS 110 Exam 1 Review: Foundations of Human Biology (Chapters 1-4)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard