Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small in size rather than large?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

A scientist is using a microscope to observe the internal structure of mitochondria. Which type of microscopy should they use and why?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy, because it provides high-resolution images of internal cell structures.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is composed primarily of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between an element and a molecule?

Accepted Answer

An element consists of only one type of atom, while a molecule is composed of two or more atoms bonded together.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic because its pH is less than 7.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by living and nonliving things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to reproduce independently.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why DNA is important for living organisms?

Accepted Answer

DNA stores genetic information necessary for the synthesis of proteins.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct order of the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Observation, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, conclusion

Question 12

Which of the following best describes an isotonic solution and its effect on animal cells?

Accepted Answer

An isotonic solution has the same solute concentration as the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

Question 13

Which protein complex is responsible for producing most of the ATP during the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase

Question 14

Which of the following elements is NOT among the most abundant in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Iron (Fe)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes active transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of substances against their concentration gradient using energy, often in the form of ATP.

Question 16

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Support and binding of other tissues

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of electron carriers during the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

They accept electrons from metabolic intermediates and transfer them to the electron transport chain.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about polarity is correct?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is polar if it has an uneven distribution of electrons, resulting in partial positive and negative charges.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why radioisotope technology is important in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Radioisotopes can be used as tracers to diagnose and treat diseases by tracking their movement in the body.

Human Biology Exam 1 Study Guide: Chapters 1-4

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