Q: A population of anteaters has two alleles for color: B and b. If the frequency of B is 0.7 and b is 0.3, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Use the formula $$2pq.$$

$$2pq = 2 \times 0.7 \times 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the theory of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection is the process by which individuals with traits that increase their fitness are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to changes in the population over time.

Question 2

Which of the following is a requirement for evolution by natural selection to occur in a population?

Accepted Answer

Individuals must vary in characteristics that are heritable.

Question 3

A population of anteaters has two alleles for color: B and b. If the frequency of B is 0.7 and b is 0.3, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Use the formula $$2pq.$$

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.7 	imes 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial trait?

Accepted Answer

The reduced tail of a crab that is curled under its shell and not used for swimming.

Question 5

Which statement about evolution is correct?

Accepted Answer

Evolution is a change in the characteristics of a population over time.

Question 6

A scientist wants to test the hypothesis that longer hair in male tamarins is adaptive. What is the most important next step?

Accepted Answer

Determine if hair length is heritable.

Question 7

Which of the following is a fitness trade-off?

Accepted Answer

Turtle shells provide protection but are heavy and burdensome when moving.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection is acting on the population.

Question 9

If a population is highly inbred but no other Hardy-Weinberg assumptions are violated, what is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Frequency of homozygotes increases, yet frequency of alleles does not change.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a phylogenetic tree?

Accepted Answer

A diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among species based on similarities and differences.

Question 11

Which of the following is a misconception about evolution?

Accepted Answer

Adaptations occur because organisms want or need them.

Question 12

Which of the following is evidence that species are related by common ancestry?

Accepted Answer

Homology, or similarity among organisms of different species due to shared ancestry.

Question 13

A population of anteaters has allele frequencies $$p = 0.7$$ for B and $$q = 0.3$$ for b. What is the expected frequency of BB homozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Use the formula $$p^2.$$

Accepted Answer

$$p^2$$ = $$(0.7)^2 = 0.49$

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a manipulation experiment in biology?

Accepted Answer

Changing water availability to test its effect on plant growth.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a postulate of Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

All individuals in a population must be identical.

Question 16

Which of the following best defines 'fitness' in a biological context?

Accepted Answer

The ability of an individual to produce surviving offspring.

Question 17

Which of the following would indicate that a population is NOT in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Observed genotype frequencies do not match those predicted by $$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Breeding English Bulldogs for specific traits, leading to health problems.

Question 19

Which of the following is the best way to test if a trait is adaptive?

Accepted Answer

Determine if individuals with the trait have higher reproductive success.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about evolution and populations is correct?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection acts on individuals, but evolutionary change occurs in populations.

Introduction to Evolution, Natural Selection, and Population Genetics

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