Domanda del libro di testo
The type of interferon present late in an infection is:
a. Alpha interferon
b. Beta interferon
c. Gamma interferon
d. Delta interferon
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Ch. 15 - Innate Immunity
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 - A Brief History of Microbiology31
- Ch. 2 - The Chemistry of Microbiology28
- Ch. 3 - Cell Structure and Function39
- Ch. 4 - Microscopy, Staining, and Classification25
- Ch. 5 - Microbial Metabolism51
- Ch. 6 - Microbial Nutrition and Growth37
- Ch. 7 - Microbial Genetics51
- Ch. 8 - Recombinant DNA Technology21
- Ch. 9 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment36
- Ch. 10 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs21
- Ch. 11 - Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes29
- Ch. 12 - Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes34
- Ch. 13 - Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions23
- Ch. 14 - Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology35
- Ch. 15 - Innate Immunity34
- Ch. 16 - Adaptive Immunity21
- Ch. 17 - Immunization and Immune Testing29
- Ch. 18 - Immune Disorders22
- Ch. 19 - Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria25
- Ch. 20 - Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli28
- Ch. 21 - Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios25
- Ch. 22 - Pathogenic Fungi47
- Ch. 23 - Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors44
- Ch. 24 - Pathogenic DNA Viruses23
- Ch. 25 - Pathogenic RNA Viruses30
- Ch. 26 - Applied and Industrial Microbiology29
- Ch. 27 - Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes22
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Capitolo 15, Problema 5
Describe the classical complement cascade pathway from C1 to the MAC.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Begin by explaining that the classical complement pathway is initiated when the C1 complex binds to antibodies (IgG or IgM) that are attached to antigens on the surface of a pathogen.
Describe that the C1 complex is composed of C1q, C1r, and C1s subunits; upon binding, C1r activates C1s, which then cleaves C4 into C4a and C4b, and C2 into C2a and C2b.
Explain that C4b and C2a combine to form the C3 convertase (C4b2a), which cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b; C3b then binds to the C3 convertase to form the C5 convertase (C4b2a3b).
Detail that the C5 convertase cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b; C5b initiates the assembly of the membrane attack complex (MAC) by sequentially binding C6, C7, C8, and multiple C9 molecules.
Conclude by describing that the MAC forms a pore in the pathogen's membrane, leading to cell lysis and death, thus completing the classical complement cascade.
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Classical Complement Pathway Initiation
The classical pathway begins when the C1 complex (composed of C1q, C1r, and C1s) binds to antibodies attached to antigens on a pathogen surface. This binding activates C1r and C1s, which then cleave the next components, C4 and C2, initiating the cascade.
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03:42
3) Classical Pathway
Formation of C3 Convertase and C5 Convertase
Activated C4b and C2a combine to form the C3 convertase (C4b2a), which cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b. C3b binds to C3 convertase to form C5 convertase (C4b2a3b), which cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b, progressing the cascade toward membrane attack complex formation.
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03:182) Cell Lysis of Invading Microbes
Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) Assembly
C5b initiates MAC formation by sequentially binding C6, C7, C8, and multiple C9 molecules. This complex inserts into the pathogen membrane, creating pores that disrupt membrane integrity, leading to cell lysis and death.
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