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Ch. 15 - Innate Immunity
Bauman - Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy 6th Edition
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 15, Problema 1

Label the steps of phagocytosis.
Diagram of a cell undergoing phagocytosis with six labeled steps indicated by blank lines.
a. ________
b. ________
c. ________
d. ________
e. ________
f. ________

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Step a: Recognition and attachment - The phagocyte recognizes and attaches to the microorganism or particle. This is often mediated by receptors on the phagocyte surface that bind to molecules on the target.
Step b: Engulfment - The phagocyte extends its membrane around the particle, forming pseudopods that surround and engulf the microorganism, creating a phagosome.
Step c: Formation of the phagosome - The engulfed particle is enclosed within a membrane-bound vesicle inside the phagocyte called the phagosome.
Step d: Fusion with lysosome - The phagosome fuses with a lysosome, an organelle containing digestive enzymes, forming a phagolysosome.
Step e: Digestion - Enzymes within the phagolysosome break down the engulfed particle into smaller components.
Step f: Exocytosis of debris - The indigestible material is expelled from the phagocyte by exocytosis.

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Chemotaxis and Recognition

Chemotaxis is the movement of phagocytes toward chemical signals released by pathogens or damaged cells. Recognition involves the phagocyte identifying and binding to the target particle, often through receptors that detect microbial surface molecules or opsonins.
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Chemotaxis

Engulfment and Phagosome Formation

Engulfment is the process where the phagocyte's membrane extends around the particle, enclosing it within a vesicle called a phagosome. This internalization isolates the pathogen from the extracellular environment.
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Formation & Breakdown of Polysaccharides

Phagolysosome Formation and Digestion

The phagosome fuses with lysosomes to form a phagolysosome, where enzymes and toxic reactive oxygen species degrade the engulfed material. This digestion neutralizes the pathogen, and residual debris is expelled by exocytosis.
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Formation & Breakdown of Polysaccharides
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Domanda del libro di testo

Write the letter of the description that applies to each of the following terms:

1. ___ Goblet cell

2. ___ Lysozyme

3. ___ Stem cell

4. ___ Dendritic cell

5. ___ Cell from sebaceous gland

6. ___ Bone marrow stem cell

7. ___ Eosinophil

8. ___ Alveolar macrophage

9. ___ Microglia

10. ___ Wandering macrophage

A. Leukocyte that primarily attacks parasitic worms

B. Phagocytic cell in lungs

C. Secretes sebum

D. Devours pathogens in epidermis

E. Breaks bonds in bacterial cell wall

F. Phagocytic cell in central nervous system

G. Generative cell with many types of offspring

H. Develops into formed elements of blood

I. Intercellular scavenger

J. Secretes mucus

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Domanda del libro di testo

Phagocytes of the epidermis are called:

a. Microglia

b. Goblet cells

c. Alveolar macrophages

d. Dendritic cells

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Domanda del libro di testo

Which line of defense first applies to each term?

1. ___ Inflammation

2. ___ Monocytes

3. ___ Lactoferrin

4. ___ Fever

5. ___ Dendritic cells

6. ___ Alpha interferon

7. ___ Mucous membrane of the digestive tract

8. ___ Neutrophils

9. ___ Epidermis

10. ___ Lysozyme

11. ___ Goblet cells

12. ___ Phagocytes

13. ___ Sebum

14. ___ T lymphocytes

15. ___ Antimicrobial peptides


A. First line of defense

B. Second line of defense

C. Third line of defense

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Domanda del libro di testo

Mucus-secreting membranes are found in:

a. The urinary system

b. The digestive cavity

c. The respiratory passages

d. All of the above

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Domanda del libro di testo

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

__________ The surface cells of the epidermis of the skin are alive.

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