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Ch. 20 - Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli
Bauman - Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy 6th Edition
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoBauman 6th EditionCh. 20 - Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and BacilliProblema 1
Capitolo 20, Problema 1

A physician prescribes fluid replacement to treat a patient with diarrhea. Although tests showed that a pathogenic enteric bacterium was the cause of the intestinal distress, an antimicrobial drug was not prescribed; why not?

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1
Understand the context: The patient has diarrhea caused by a pathogenic enteric bacterium, which means the infection is in the intestines.
Recall that many cases of bacterial diarrhea are self-limiting, meaning they resolve on their own without the need for antibiotics.
Consider that antimicrobial drugs can disrupt the normal gut microbiota, potentially worsening the condition or leading to antibiotic resistance.
Recognize that fluid replacement is the primary treatment to prevent dehydration, which is the most immediate risk in diarrheal diseases.
Conclude that the physician likely avoided prescribing antimicrobials to prevent unnecessary side effects and resistance, focusing instead on supportive care with fluids.

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Pathophysiology of Diarrhea

Diarrhea often results from the disruption of normal intestinal fluid absorption and secretion caused by enteric pathogens. Many bacteria cause diarrhea by producing toxins that alter ion transport, leading to fluid loss without necessarily requiring bacterial eradication for symptom resolution.
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Types of Exotoxins

Role of Fluid Replacement Therapy

Fluid replacement is critical in treating diarrhea to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Oral or intravenous rehydration restores lost fluids and salts, addressing the primary danger of diarrhea, often without needing to eliminate the causative bacteria immediately.
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Base Excision Repair

Antimicrobial Use and Resistance Considerations

Antimicrobial drugs are not always prescribed for enteric infections because many diarrheal illnesses are self-limiting, and unnecessary antibiotic use can promote resistance. Additionally, some bacterial toxins cause symptoms even after bacteria are cleared, so antibiotics may not improve outcomes.
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Antimicrobial Peptides
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Match each bacterium with the disease or manifestations it causes.


1. _____ Escherichia coli

2. _____ Klebsiella pneumoniae

3. _____ Proteus mirabilis

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5. _____ Shigella flexneri

6. _____ Yersinia pestis


A. Bubonic plague

B. Typhoid fever

C. Gastroenteritis

D. Kidney stones

E. Pus-filled, bloody stools; cramps; fever; and diarrhea

F. Pneumonia

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Distinguish among the pathogenicity of coliforms, noncoliforms, and truly pathogenic enteric bacteria.

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The presence of lipid A in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria.

a. Affects the formation of blood clots in the host

b. Causes these bacteria to be oxidase positive

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