Question

a. In the following graph, at time A the host was injected with tetanus toxoid. Show the response to a booster dose at time B.
b. Draw the antibody response of this same individual to exposure to a new antigen at time B.

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Understand the context of the problem. The host is first injected with tetanus toxoid at time A, which will initiate a primary immune response. This involves activation of naive B cells, production of IgM antibodies initially, followed by class switching to IgG antibodies, and formation of memory B cells. Step 2: For part (a), consider what happens at time B when a booster dose of the same antigen (tetanus toxoid) is given. The immune system will mount a secondary (anamnestic) response. This response is faster, stronger, and predominantly involves IgG antibodies due to the presence of memory B cells formed during the primary response. Step 3: To draw the antibody response for part (a), start with a smaller, slower rise in antibody levels after time A (primary response), then at time B, show a rapid and higher increase in antibody levels representing the secondary response. The curve after time B should peak higher and faster than after time A. Step 4: For part (b), the individual is exposed to a new antigen at time B. Since this is a new antigen, the immune system will mount a primary response similar to the initial injection at time A. This means a slower rise in antibody levels, starting with IgM and then IgG, with no memory cells to speed up the response. Step 5: To draw the antibody response for part (b), show a slow and gradual increase in antibody levels starting at time B, similar in shape and timing to the primary response seen at time A, but independent of the previous tetanus toxoid response.

a. In the following graph, at time A the host was injected with tetanus toxoid. Show the response to a booster dose at time B.
b. Draw the antibody response of this same individual to exposure to a new antigen at time B.

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Concetti chiave

Primary and Secondary Immune Responses

Tetanus Toxoid and Vaccination

Antibody Response to New Antigens

a. In the following graph, at time A the host was injected with tetanus toxoid. Show the response to a booster dose at time B.b. Draw the antibody response of this same individual to exposure to a new antigen at time B.

Risposta video verificata per un problema simile:

Concetti chiave

Primary and Secondary Immune Responses

Tetanus Toxoid and Vaccination

Antibody Response to New Antigens

a. In the following graph, at time A the host was injected with tetanus toxoid. Show the response to a booster dose at time B.
b. Draw the antibody response of this same individual to exposure to a new antigen at time B.