Ch. 22 - Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Tortora - Microbiology: An Introduction 14th Edition

Tortora14th EditionMicrobiology: An IntroductionISBN: 9780138200398Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo

Tortora 14th Edition

Ch. 22 - Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Problema 8a

Capitolo 18, Problema 8a

Outline the procedures for treating rabies after exposure. Outline the procedures for preventing rabies prior to exposure. What is the reason for the differences in the procedures?

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Step 1: Understand the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) procedures for rabies treatment. This involves immediate and thorough washing of the wound with soap and water to reduce viral load, followed by administration of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) to provide passive immunity, and a series of rabies vaccinations to stimulate active immunity.

Step 2: Outline the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) procedures for rabies prevention. This typically includes a series of rabies vaccinations given before any exposure occurs, especially for individuals at high risk (e.g., veterinarians, animal handlers, travelers to endemic areas). No immunoglobulin is given in this case.

Step 3: Highlight the timing and purpose differences: Post-exposure treatment is urgent and combines passive and active immunization to immediately neutralize the virus and develop long-term immunity, whereas pre-exposure vaccination primes the immune system in advance to respond quickly if exposed.

Step 4: Explain why immunoglobulin is used only after exposure: Because it provides immediate antibodies to neutralize the virus before the body can mount its own immune response, which is critical after a potential infection has occurred.

Step 5: Summarize that the differences in procedures are due to the need for immediate protection after exposure versus preventive immune priming before exposure, reflecting the urgency and nature of rabies infection progression.

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Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for Rabies

PEP involves immediate wound cleaning, administration of rabies immunoglobulin to provide passive immunity, and a series of rabies vaccinations to stimulate active immunity. This treatment is critical after exposure because rabies virus incubation can be variable, and early intervention prevents virus progression to the nervous system.

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Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for Rabies

PrEP consists of a series of rabies vaccinations given before any exposure, primarily to individuals at high risk. It primes the immune system to respond quickly upon exposure, reducing the need for immunoglobulin and simplifying post-exposure treatment if exposure occurs.

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Differences in Procedures Due to Immune Response Timing

The difference in procedures arises because post-exposure treatment must provide immediate passive immunity and stimulate active immunity quickly to prevent disease onset, while pre-exposure vaccination prepares the immune system in advance. This timing difference dictates the use of immunoglobulin only after exposure.

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