Question 1

Which of the following best describes the economic assumption that 'people are rational'?

Accepted Answer

People make choices based on what they believe will make them happy, weighing costs and benefits.

Question 2

A provincial government introduces a tax on sugar-sweetened drinks to reduce obesity rates. This policy is an example of which key economic idea?

Accepted Answer

People respond to incentives.

Question 3

Suppose the marginal benefit (MB) of watching an extra hour of TV is $$3, and the marginal cost (MC) is 5. $$According to marginal analysis, what should you do?

Accepted Answer

Do not watch the extra hour of TV because MB \u003c MC.

Question 4

Which formula represents the concept of opportunity cost?

Accepted Answer

$$ Opportunity\ Cost = Value\ of\ Best\ Alternative\ Forgone $$

Question 5

A music producer can use either a great singer with standard techniques or a mediocre singer with Auto-Tune. This scenario illustrates which fundamental economic question?

Accepted Answer

How will the goods and services be produced?

Question 6

If a government redistributes income through taxation and transfers, which economic question is it addressing?

Accepted Answer

Who will receive the goods and services produced?

Question 7

Which of the following best defines productive efficiency?

Accepted Answer

A situation in which a good or service is produced at the lowest possible cost.

Question 8

Allocative efficiency occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Production is in accordance with consumer preferences, and every good is produced up to the point where the last unit provides marginal benefit equal to marginal cost.

Question 9

Which equation represents the condition for allocative efficiency?

Accepted Answer

$$ MB = MC $$

Question 10

A trade-off in economics refers to:

Accepted Answer

Sacrificing one good or service to produce more of another due to scarcity of resources.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a positive analysis?

Accepted Answer

"Raising the minimum wage will increase the income of low-wage workers."

Question 12

Suppose a government caps house prices. Which of the following is a normative statement about this policy?

Accepted Answer

"The importance of each effect is a matter of opinion."

Question 13

Which of the following is a common misconception about economics?

Accepted Answer

Economics is only about money.

Question 14

If a firm calculates its revenue using the formula $$ Revenue = Price 	imes Quantity $$ and gets a negative number, what should it conclude?

Accepted Answer

There is a mistake in the calculation or formula application.

Question 15

Which of the following best illustrates the equity-efficiency trade-off in a classroom setting?

Accepted Answer

Giving everyone the same grade regardless of effort may reduce incentives to work hard, lowering efficiency.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a source of productive efficiency in market economies?

Accepted Answer

Government price controls.

Question 17

A voluntary exchange in a market economy is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Make both the buyer and seller better off.

Question 18

Which of the following is a step you should follow when using a formula in economics?

Accepted Answer

Check that the calculated number is economically reasonable.

Question 19

If a firm faces a choice between using more machines or more workers due to changes in labor costs, which economic concept is being applied?

Accepted Answer

Responding to incentives.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true about market economies?

Accepted Answer

They promote productive and allocative efficiency through competition and voluntary exchange.

Foundations and Models in Microeconomics: Key Concepts and Applications

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