Design a 150-kcal snack that maximizes nutrient density from carbohydrate-containing foods. Which option best fits the goal and why?

A 150-kcal portion of hard candy — because it provides readily available sugar that increases energy density and therefore should be prioritized as nutrient maximizing per calorie.

A serving of vegetable oil providing 150 kcal — because fat has no carbohydrates but delivers the highest calorie density per spoonful, which makes it optimal for a nutrient-dense carb snack.

A large soda containing 150 kcal of high-fructose corn syrup — since liquid calories are more nutrient-dense because they deliver quick energy and are easier to digest than whole foods.

A small bowl of mixed berries with a tablespoon of plain low-fat yogurt — this provides vitamins, fiber, and some protein and calcium for ~150 kcal, maximizing nutrients per calorie compared with refined-sugar snacks.