Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the process by which plants produce carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Plants use the energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose through photosynthesis.

Question 2

Which monosaccharide is the most abundant in the human body and is the preferred energy source for the brain and red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 3

A patient presents with bloating, cramps, and diarrhea after consuming dairy products. Which enzyme deficiency is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 4

Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate that is not digestible by humans and helps promote digestive health?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 5

Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels by facilitating the entry of glucose into cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 6

A person consumes a meal high in carbohydrates. Four hours later, which process is most likely occurring to maintain blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 7

Which type of dietary fiber is most effective at lowering blood cholesterol levels and why?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber, because it binds bile acids and promotes their excretion

Question 8

Calculate the percentage of total kilocalories from carbohydrates for a person who consumes 300 grams of carbohydrates in a 2,400 kcal diet. Use the formula $$	ext{Carbohydrate kcal} = 	ext{grams} 	imes 4$$ and $$	ext{Percent} = \frac{	ext{Carbohydrate kcal}}{	ext{Total kcal}} 	imes 100.$$

Accepted Answer

50%

Question 9

Which of the following foods is the best source of both soluble and insoluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

Whole grain bread

Question 10

A patient with hypoglycemia has a blood glucose level of 65 mg/dl. What is the most appropriate immediate treatment?

Accepted Answer

Consume carbohydrate-rich foods or drinks

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Increases risk of constipation

Question 12

Which carbohydrate is found abundantly in fruits and is the sweetest of natural sugars?

Accepted Answer

Fructose

Question 13

Which of the following statements about glycogen is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is the major storage form of glucose in animals and is stored in liver and muscle.

Question 14

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for preventing Type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Engage in regular physical activity and maintain a healthy weight

Question 15

A food label lists the following ingredients: sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, and molasses. What type of sugars are these?

Accepted Answer

Added sugars

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why fiber intake should be increased gradually?

Accepted Answer

To minimize gastrointestinal discomfort such as bloating and flatulence

Question 17

Which of the following is a health benefit associated with resistant starch?

Accepted Answer

It may improve digestive tract health and glucose tolerance.

Question 18

A patient’s fasting blood glucose is measured at 120 mg/dl and their A1C is 6.0%. According to diagnostic criteria, what is their likely condition?

Accepted Answer

Prediabetes

Question 19

Which of the following is a common symptom of Type 1 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Excessive thirst (polydipsia)

Question 20

Which process converts excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscle cells? Use the term and the formula $$	ext{Glucose} ightarrow 	ext{Glycogen}.$$

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Carbohydrates: Structure, Classification, Digestion, and Health Roles

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