Explain how a nitro substituent on a benzene ring can facilitate a nucleophilic attack on the ortho and para positions.

The nitro group stabilizes the negative charge by the inductive effect when the nucleophilic attack is at the ortho and para positions.

The nitro group stabilizes the negative charge by resonance when the nucleophilic attack is at the ortho and para positions.

The nitro group stabilizes the negative charge by steric hindrance when the nucleophilic attack is at the ortho and para positions.

The nitro group stabilizes the negative charge by resonance when the nucleophilic attack is at the meta position.