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The base peak in Figure 14.51 has m/z 45. Suggest a molecular formula and a structure for this fragment.
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Ch. 14 - Structural Identification 1: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons114
- Ch. 3 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Properties and Conformational Analysis109
- Ch. 4 - Acids and Bases/Electron Flow144
- Ch. 5 - Chemical Reaction Analysis: Thermodynamics and Kinetics118
- Ch. 6 - Stereoisomerism: Arrangement of Atoms in Space112
- Ch. 7 - Principles of Green (Organic) Chemistry3
- Ch. 8 - Alkenes 1: Properties and Electrophilic Additions158
- Ch. 9 - Alkenes 2: Oxidation and Reduction150
- Ch. 10 - Alkynes: Electrophilic Addition and Redox Reactions101
- Ch. 11 - Properties and Synthesis of Alkyl Halides: Radical Reactions108
- Ch. 12 - Substitution and Elimination: Reactions of Haloalkanes172
- Ch. 13 - Alcohols, Ethers and Related Compounds: Substitution and Elimination239
- Ch. 14 - Structural Identification 1: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry54
- Ch. 15 - Structural Identification 2: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy93
- Ch. 16 - Metals in Organic Chemistry48
- Ch. 17 - Carbonyl Addition Reactions: Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch. 18 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution 1: Carboxylic Acids18
- Ch. 19 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution 2: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives39
- Ch. 20 - Enolates: Carbonyl Addition and Substitution13
- Ch. 21 - Conjugated Systems 1: Stability and Addition Reactions56
- Ch. 22 - Conjugated Systems 2: Pericyclic Reactions54
- Ch. 23 - Benzene 1: Aromatic Stability and Substitution Reactions64
- Ch. 24 - Benzene 2: Reactions Influenced by the Aromatic Ring62
- Ch. 25 - Amines: Structure, Reactions, and Synthesis27
- Ch. 26 - Amino Acids, Proteins, and Peptide Synthesis9
- Ch. 27 - Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids54
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
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Mullins 1st EditionCh. 14 - Structural Identification 1: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass SpectrometryProblema 37
Mullins 1st EditionCh. 14 - Structural Identification 1: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass SpectrometryProblema 37Capitolo 13, Problema 37
In the mass spectrum of hexan-3-ol, identify the fragments arising from two α-cleavage fragmentations and one dehydration fragmentation.
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Identify the structure of hexan-3-ol: It is a six-carbon chain alcohol with the hydroxyl group (-OH) on the third carbon. The molecular formula is C6H14O.
Understand α-cleavage: In mass spectrometry, α-cleavage involves breaking the bond adjacent to the carbon bearing the functional group. For hexan-3-ol, this means breaking the C-C bonds adjacent to the carbon with the -OH group.
Perform the first α-cleavage: Break the bond between the second and third carbon atoms. This results in a fragment with a positive charge on the second carbon, forming a C2H5+ ion and a neutral fragment.
Perform the second α-cleavage: Break the bond between the third and fourth carbon atoms. This results in a fragment with a positive charge on the third carbon, forming a C3H7+ ion and a neutral fragment.
Consider dehydration fragmentation: Dehydration involves the loss of a water molecule (H2O) from the alcohol. In hexan-3-ol, this typically occurs by removing the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen from an adjacent carbon, resulting in the formation of an alkene fragment with a double bond.
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Mass Spectrometry
Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. It helps identify the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum, which displays the masses of fragments. Understanding how molecules break apart in a mass spectrometer is crucial for interpreting the spectrum and identifying molecular fragments.
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How to Read a Mass Spectrum
α-Cleavage
α-Cleavage in mass spectrometry involves the breaking of a bond adjacent to a functional group, such as an alcohol group in hexan-3-ol. This process results in the formation of a radical and a cation. Identifying the specific bonds that undergo α-cleavage helps determine the resulting fragments in the mass spectrum.
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Dehydration Fragmentation
Dehydration fragmentation is a common reaction in mass spectrometry for alcohols, where a water molecule (H2O) is eliminated. This process typically results in the formation of an alkene. Recognizing dehydration is essential for identifying the characteristic mass loss of 18 amu, corresponding to the removal of water, in the mass spectrum.
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01:23General Reaction of Dehydration with POCl3
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