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Ch. 23 - Electric Potential
Giancoli Douglas - Physics for Scientists and Engineers 5th edition
Giancoli Douglas5th editionPhysics for Scientists and EngineersISBN: 9780137488179Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 22, Problema 44

A metal sphere of radius r₀ = 0.35 m carries a charge Q = 0.50 μC. Equipotential surfaces are to be drawn for 100-V intervals outside the sphere. Determine the radius r of the first equipotential from the surface.

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Understand the concept: The problem involves equipotential surfaces around a charged sphere. For a charged sphere, the electric potential at a distance r from the center is given by the formula: V=kQr, where k is Coulomb's constant, Q is the charge, and r is the distance from the center of the sphere.
Set up the equation for the potential: The potential at the surface of the sphere (radius r0) is given by V0=kQr0. For the first equipotential surface, the potential decreases by 100 V, so the new potential is V=V0-100.
Rearrange the formula for the radius: Substitute the new potential into the formula for electric potential and solve for r. The equation becomes r=kQV, where V is the new potential.
Substitute the known values: Use the given values for k=8.99×109 N·m²/C², Q=0.50×10-6 C, and the new potential V=V0-100 to calculate the radius r.
Interpret the result: The calculated radius r represents the distance from the center of the sphere to the first equipotential surface where the potential has decreased by 100 V. This process can be repeated for subsequent equipotential surfaces by further decreasing the potential in 100-V intervals.

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Electric Potential

Electric potential, or voltage, is the amount of electric potential energy per unit charge at a point in an electric field. It is measured in volts (V) and indicates how much work would be done to move a charge from a reference point to a specific point in the field. For a charged sphere, the potential outside the sphere can be calculated using the formula V = k * Q / r, where k is Coulomb's constant.
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Equipotential Surfaces

Equipotential surfaces are three-dimensional surfaces where the electric potential is constant. No work is required to move a charge along an equipotential surface, as the potential difference is zero. In the context of a charged sphere, these surfaces are concentric spheres centered on the charge, with the potential increasing as one moves away from the sphere.
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Coulomb's Law

Coulomb's Law describes the force between two point charges. It states that the force (F) between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges (Q₁ and Q₂) and inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) between them. This law is fundamental in understanding how electric fields and potentials are generated by charged objects, such as the metal sphere in this problem.
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