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Ch 20: The Micro/Macro Connection
Knight Calc - Physics for Scientists and Engineers 5th Edition
Knight Calc5th EditionPhysics for Scientists and EngineersISBN: 9780137344796Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 20, Problema 13

A cylinder contains gas at a pressure of 2.0 atm and a number density of 4.2 x 1025 m-3. The rms speed of the atoms is 660 m/s. Identify the gas.

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Step 1: Use the ideal gas law in terms of number density to relate pressure, number density, and temperature. The formula is: P=nkT, where P is pressure, n is number density, k is Boltzmann's constant (1.38 × 10⁻²³ J/K), and T is temperature.
Step 2: Rearrange the formula to solve for temperature: T=Pnk. Substitute the given values for pressure (2.0 atm, converted to Pascals as 2.0 × 1.013 × 10⁵ Pa), number density (4.2 × 10²⁵ m⁻³), and Boltzmann's constant.
Step 3: Use the formula for the root mean square (rms) speed of gas molecules: vrms=3kTm, where m is the mass of one molecule of the gas. Rearrange the formula to solve for m: m=3kTvrms2. Substitute the values for T and vrms.
Step 4: Convert the molecular mass to molar mass using Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10²³ mol⁻¹). The molar mass is given by: M=mNA, where NA is Avogadro's number.
Step 5: Compare the calculated molar mass to known molar masses of common gases to identify the gas. For example, if the molar mass is approximately 4 g/mol, the gas is likely helium; if it is approximately 28 g/mol, the gas is likely nitrogen.

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Ideal Gas Law

The Ideal Gas Law relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas through the equation PV = nRT. This law is fundamental in understanding the behavior of gases under various conditions and can help identify the type of gas based on its properties.
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Ideal Gases and the Ideal Gas Law

Root Mean Square Speed (rms speed)

The root mean square speed is a measure of the average speed of particles in a gas and is given by the formula v_rms = √(3kT/m), where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, and m is the mass of a gas particle. This concept is crucial for determining the molecular mass of the gas when combined with other properties.
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Root-Mean-Square Speed of Ideal Gases

Number Density

Number density refers to the number of particles per unit volume, typically expressed in particles per cubic meter (m⁻³). It is an important parameter in gas physics, as it helps relate the macroscopic properties of the gas, such as pressure and temperature, to the microscopic behavior of its particles.
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Intro to Density
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