Ch 40: One-Dimensional Quantum Mechanics

Knight Calc - Physics for Scientists and Engineers 5th Edition

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Knight Calc 5th Edition

Ch 40: One-Dimensional Quantum Mechanics

Problema 17a

Capitolo 40, Problema 17a

INT An electron is confined in a harmonic potential well that has a spring constant of 2.0 N/m. What are the first three energy levels of the electron?

Guida verificata passo dopo passo

Step 1: Recognize that the problem involves a quantum harmonic oscillator. The energy levels of a quantum harmonic oscillator are given by the formula:

E = (n + 1) ℏ ω

, where

n

is the quantum number (starting from 0),

ℏ

is the reduced Planck's constant, and

ω

is the angular frequency of the oscillator.

Step 2: Calculate the angular frequency

ω

using the formula

ω = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}

, where

k

is the spring constant (2.0 N/m) and

m

is the mass of the electron (approximately

9.11 \times 10 ⁻³¹

kg).

Step 3: Substitute the calculated value of

ω

into the energy formula for the quantum harmonic oscillator. For the first three energy levels, use

n = 0

n = 1

, and

n = 2

Step 4: For each energy level, calculate the corresponding energy using the formula

E = (n + 1) ℏ ω

. Remember that

ℏ

(reduced Planck's constant) is approximately

1.05 \times 10 ⁻³⁴

J·s.

Step 5: Express the first three energy levels in terms of their values (symbolically or numerically, depending on the calculation). Ensure the units are consistent throughout the calculation, and verify the results for accuracy.

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Quantum Harmonic Oscillator

The quantum harmonic oscillator is a fundamental model in quantum mechanics that describes a particle subject to a restoring force proportional to its displacement from an equilibrium position. This model is crucial for understanding systems like electrons in potential wells, where the energy levels are quantized and can be calculated using specific formulas.

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Simple Harmonic Motion of Pendulums

Energy Levels

In quantum mechanics, energy levels refer to the discrete values of energy that a quantum system, such as an electron in a harmonic potential well, can occupy. For a harmonic oscillator, these energy levels are given by the formula E_n = (n + 1/2)ħω, where n is a non-negative integer, ħ is the reduced Planck's constant, and ω is the angular frequency of the oscillator.

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Intro to Energy & Types of Energy

Spring Constant and Angular Frequency

The spring constant (k) is a measure of the stiffness of a spring, and it plays a vital role in determining the angular frequency (ω) of a harmonic oscillator, given by ω = √(k/m), where m is the mass of the particle. In this context, knowing the spring constant allows us to calculate the angular frequency, which is essential for determining the energy levels of the electron in the harmonic potential well.

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Phase Constant of a Wave Function

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