Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main characteristics used to identify psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

Delight

Question 2

A psychologist is evaluating a patient who is experiencing significant distress, cannot maintain employment, and is engaging in behavior that is considered highly unusual in their culture. According to the DSM-5-TR, which criteria for psychological disorder does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Distress, Dysfunction, and Deviance

Question 3

Which concept explains why psychological disorders may be more prevalent in low-income groups due to the impact of the disorder itself on socioeconomic status?

Accepted Answer

Downward drift

Question 4

Culture-bound syndromes are best described as:

Accepted Answer

Abnormal behaviors specific to a particular location or group

Question 5

Which historical figure is credited with first identifying hallucinations, delusions, melancholia, and mania, and believed that imbalances in bodily humors caused mental illness?

Accepted Answer

Hippocrates

Question 6

During the Middle Ages, what was a common explanation for abnormal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Possession by the devil

Question 7

Which treatment approach did Philippe Pinel and William Tuke advocate for in the 19th century?

Accepted Answer

Moral treatment emphasizing respect, kindness, and vocation

Question 8

Which psychological perspective focuses on the reciprocal relationships between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral perspective

Question 9

According to Aaron Beck’s cognitive theory, which triad of negative thoughts is associated with depression?

Accepted Answer

Negative view of self, the world, and the future

Question 10

A therapist uses exposure therapy and systematic desensitization to help a client overcome a phobia. Which psychological perspective does this approach best represent?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral perspective

Question 11

Which model suggests that psychological disorders result from the interaction of genetic vulnerability and environmental stress?

Accepted Answer

Diathesis-stress model

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the scientist-practitioner model in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Psychologists rely on research findings when providing treatment

Question 13

Which of the following is a key assumption of the modern psychodynamic perspective?

Accepted Answer

Unconscious forces can determine our lives

Question 14

A child’s behavior is considered developmentally appropriate at age 3 but problematic at age 10. This illustrates the importance of which concept in diagnosing psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

Developmental trajectory

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a focus of the DSM-5-TR when diagnosing psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

Astrological sign

Question 16

Which theory posits that exposure to a virus or toxin during the prenatal stage may lead to behavioral abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

Viral infection theory

Question 17

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of emotional contagion?

Accepted Answer

A group of people begin to share and transfer moods among each other

Question 18

Which perspective assumes that psychological disorders result from biological processes, particularly those in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Biological perspective

Question 19

Carl Rogers’ client-centered therapy emphasizes which of the following therapeutic ingredients?

Accepted Answer

Genuineness, empathic understanding, and unconditional positive regard

Question 20

A psychologist is treating a patient with depression by helping them modify distorted thought processes and challenge negative beliefs about themselves, the world, and the future. Which type of therapy is being used?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy

Psychological Disorders: Historical and Modern Perspectives

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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