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Ch. 3 - Probability
Larson - Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World 8th Edition
Larson8th EditionElementary Statistics: Picturing the WorldISBN: 9780137493470Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoLarson 8th EditionCh. 3 - ProbabilityProblema 3.1.31
Capitolo 3, Problema 3.1.31

Identifying the Sample Space of a Probability Experiment In Exercises 25-32, identify the sample space of the probability experiment and determine the number of outcomes in the sample space. Draw a tree diagram when appropriate.
31. Rolling a pair of six-sided dice

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Define the probability experiment: Rolling a pair of six-sided dice means each die has six faces numbered from 1 to 6, and both dice are rolled simultaneously.
Identify the sample space: The sample space consists of all possible ordered pairs (x, y), where x represents the outcome of the first die and y represents the outcome of the second die. Since each die has 6 outcomes, there are 6 × 6 = 36 possible outcomes.
List the sample space: The sample space can be written as S = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), ..., (6,6)}, where each pair represents the result of the first die and the second die.
Determine the number of outcomes: Count the total number of pairs in the sample space. Since there are 6 outcomes for the first die and 6 outcomes for the second die, the total number of outcomes is 6 × 6 = 36.
Draw a tree diagram: Start with the first die, branching out to its 6 possible outcomes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). From each of these branches, create 6 additional branches for the outcomes of the second die. This will visually represent all 36 possible outcomes.

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Sample Space

The sample space is the set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment. In the context of rolling a pair of six-sided dice, the sample space includes every combination of the two dice, which can range from (1,1) to (6,6). Understanding the sample space is crucial for calculating probabilities and analyzing outcomes.
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Sampling Distribution of Sample Proportion

Outcomes

An outcome is a specific result of a probability experiment. When rolling two dice, each combination of the numbers shown on the dice represents a unique outcome. The total number of outcomes in this experiment can be calculated by multiplying the number of faces on each die, which is 6 x 6 = 36 outcomes.
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The Binomial Experiment

Tree Diagram

A tree diagram is a visual representation used to illustrate all possible outcomes of a probability experiment. For rolling two dice, a tree diagram can show the first die's outcomes branching into the second die's outcomes, helping to visualize the sample space and count the total outcomes systematically. This tool is particularly useful for complex experiments with multiple stages.
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Probability of Mutually Exclusive Events
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Odds The chances of winning are often written in terms of odds rather than probabilities. The odds of winning is the ratio of the number of successful outcomes to the number of unsuccessful outcomes. The odds of losing is the ratio of the number of unsuccessful outcomes to the number of successful outcomes. For example, when the number of successful outcomes is 2 and the number of unsuccessful outcomes is 3, the odds of winning are 2 : 3 (read "2 to 3"). In Exercises 91-96, use this information about odds.

94. A card is picked at random from a standard deck of 52 playing cards. Find the odds that it is a spade.

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Identifying the Sample Space of a Probability Experiment In Exercises 25-32, identify the sample space of the probability experiment and determine the number of outcomes in the sample space. Draw a tree diagram when appropriate.

32. Rolling a six-sided die, tossing two coins, and spinning the fair spinner shown

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Using the Fundamental Counting Principle In Exercises 37-40, use the Fundamental Counting Principle.

37. Menu A restaurant offers a \$15 dinner special that lets you choose from 6 appetizers, 12 entrées, and 8 desserts. How many different meals are available when you select an appetizer, an entrée, and a dessert?

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Identifying the Sample Space of a Probability Experiment In Exercises 25-32, identify the sample space of the probability experiment and determine the number of outcomes in the sample space. Draw a tree diagram when appropriate.

28. Identifying a person's eye color (brown, blue, green, hazel, gray, other) and hair color (black, brown, blonde, red, other).

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In Exercises 7-14, perform the indicated calculation.

9.8C3

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Using a Frequency Distribution to Find Probabilities In Exercises 49-52, use the frequency distribution at the left, which shows the population of the United States by age group, to find the probability that a U.S. resident chosen at random is in the age range. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau)

49. 18 to 24 years old

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