In Exercises 13–20, let v be the vector from initial point P₁ to terminal point P₂. Write v in terms of i and j. P₁ = (-4, -4), P₂ = (6, 2)

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Determine the components of the vector \( \mathbf{v} \) by subtracting the coordinates of the initial point \( P_1 \) from the terminal point \( P_2 \).

Calculate the change in the x-direction: \( \Delta x = x_2 - x_1 = 6 - (-4) \).

Calculate the change in the y-direction: \( \Delta y = y_2 - y_1 = 2 - (-4) \).

Express the vector \( \mathbf{v} \) in terms of \( \mathbf{i} \) and \( \mathbf{j} \) using the changes in x and y: \( \mathbf{v} = \Delta x \mathbf{i} + \Delta y \mathbf{j} \).

Substitute the calculated values of \( \Delta x \) and \( \Delta y \) into the expression for \( \mathbf{v} \).

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Vectors

A vector is a mathematical object that has both magnitude and direction. In a two-dimensional space, a vector can be represented as an ordered pair of coordinates, indicating its position relative to a reference point. For example, the vector from point P₁ to P₂ can be expressed as the difference between their coordinates.

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Introduction to Vectors

Unit Vectors i and j

In a Cartesian coordinate system, the unit vectors i and j represent the directions along the x-axis and y-axis, respectively. The vector i is typically represented as (1, 0), while j is (0, 1). Any vector in the plane can be expressed as a linear combination of these unit vectors, allowing for a clear representation of its components.

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i & j Notation

Vector Subtraction

Vector subtraction involves finding the difference between two vectors, which can be visualized as moving from one point to another in the coordinate plane. For the given points P₁ and P₂, the vector v can be calculated by subtracting the coordinates of P₁ from those of P₂, resulting in a new vector that indicates the direction and distance from P₁ to P₂.

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