Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the complement system in immunity?

Accepted Answer

It is a group of plasma proteins that can be activated by three different pathways to help destroy pathogens.

Question 2

Which pathway of complement activation involves antibodies binding to antigens?

Accepted Answer

Classical pathway

Question 3

A patient is exposed to a bacterial toxin for the first time. Which immune response is most likely to be activated?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity, because it responds quickly and non-specifically.

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE about antigens?

Accepted Answer

Antigens are any molecules that can trigger an immune response, including proteins, carbohydrates, and toxins.

Question 5

What is the main function of antibodies in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

To bind to antigens and help neutralize or mark pathogens for destruction.

Question 6

Which cell type is responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B-cells

Question 7

A toxin is present in the blood. Which part of the immune system is most likely to recognize and respond to it first?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity, because it responds to general patterns and toxins.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the adaptive immune system?

Accepted Answer

Providing immediate, non-specific defense against pathogens.

Question 9

What is the significance of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in immunity?

Accepted Answer

It helps the immune system recognize self versus non-self cells.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why adaptive immunity is more specific than innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity generates a targeted response to specific antigens and retains memory for future exposures.

Question 11

A person receives a vaccine containing a harmless form of a virus. Which immune response is primarily responsible for the long-term protection provided by the vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity, because it generates memory B-cells and T-cells.

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between antigen concentration ($$[Ag]$$), antibody concentration ($$[Ab]$$), and the rate of immune complex formation ($$R$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$R = [Ag] 	imes [Ab]$$

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a hapten?

Accepted Answer

A small molecule that is not immunogenic by itself but becomes immunogenic when attached to a larger protein.

Question 14

Which immune cells mature in the thymus and are responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

T-cells

Question 15

A patient is exposed to the same pathogen for a second time. Which immune response is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A faster, more specific response due to memory cells in adaptive immunity.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

The process by which antibodies bind to antigens and mark pathogens for phagocytosis.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity has memory and specificity, while innate immunity is immediate and non-specific.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the classical pathway of complement activation?

Accepted Answer

Antibody binds antigen $$\rightarrow$$ Complement proteins activated $$\rightarrow$$ Pathogen destruction

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why haptens can become immunogenic?

Accepted Answer

They attach to carrier proteins, forming a complex that can be recognized by the immune system.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of natural killer (NK) cells in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Directly killing virus-infected or cancerous cells without prior sensitization.

Adaptive and Innate Immunity: Cells, Pathways, and Antigen Recognition

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드