$$\mathrm{Hematocrit} = \dfrac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total blood volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It maintains plasma osmotic pressure and prevents water from diffusing out of blood vessels.

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 80%. Which condition is most likely responsible for this finding?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia vera

Question 3

Which of the following molecules is NOT typically found dissolved in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 4

Which structural feature of erythrocytes allows them to maximize their oxygen-carrying capacity?

Accepted Answer

Biconcave shape, increasing surface area by 30%

Question 5

A blood sample is centrifuged. Which layer contains the majority of leukocytes and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 6

Which leukocyte is most numerous and acts as the first line of defense against bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 7

Which blood disorder is characterized by abnormally low oxygen-carrying capacity due to insufficient hemoglobin or erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 8

A patient with sickle cell disease has erythrocytes that distort into a sickle shape under low oxygen conditions. What is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Defective hemoglobin molecule due to a single amino acid substitution

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding platelets?

Accepted Answer

They are fragments of megakaryocytes and function in blood clotting.

Question 10

Which type of leukocyte is primarily responsible for mediating allergic reactions and secreting histamines?

Accepted Answer

Basophil

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of blood that helps maintain homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 12

Which blood protein is directly involved in the formation of blood clots?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 13

A patient with chronic hemorrhagic anemia is most likely suffering from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Persistent, slight blood loss over time

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of hematopoiesis?

Accepted Answer

The formation of blood cells from stem cells in bone marrow

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Hematocrit} = \dfrac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of red bone marrow compared to yellow bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow actively generates new blood cells in response to erythropoietin.

Question 17

Which leukocyte transforms into a macrophage and is crucial in fighting chronic infections?

Accepted Answer

Monocyte

Question 18

A patient with abnormally low platelet count is at risk for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Question 19

Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They lack mitochondria and produce ATP anaerobically.

Question 20

Which class of lymphocyte is responsible for directly attacking virus-infected and tumor cells?

Accepted Answer

T cells

Anatomy & Physiology: Blood (Chapter 18) Study Notes

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