Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a formed element of blood?

Accepted Answer

Plasma

Question 2

Which white blood cell type is classified as agranulocyte and is primarily responsible for antibody production?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocyte

Question 3

What is the term for the abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells, often seen in infections?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis

Question 4

When blood is centrifuged, it separates into three layers. Which layer contains the majority of white blood cells and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 5

A person with type AB negative blood can receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

Type A negative, Type B negative, and Type O negative

Question 6

Which of the following correctly lists the four cardiac chambers in the human heart?

Accepted Answer

Left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle

Question 7

Which heart valve is responsible for the first heart sound (S1) when it closes?

Accepted Answer

Mitral and tricuspid valves

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE about arteries and veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries have thicker walls and carry blood away from the heart.

Question 9

Which vessel returns blood from the lower body to the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Inferior vena cava

Question 10

Which of the following carries oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Aorta

Question 11

Which structure in the fetal heart allows blood to bypass the lungs by connecting the right and left atria?

Accepted Answer

Foramen ovale

Question 12

Which wave on the ECG shows atrial depolarization?

Accepted Answer

P wave

Question 13

What is the main function of the SA node in the heart?

Accepted Answer

It initiates the electrical impulse that sets the heart rate.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pathway for blood flow through the heart?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the QRS complex on an ECG?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular depolarization

Question 16

If a patient has a blockage in the right coronary artery, which part of the heart is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium and right ventricle

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output ($$CO) in $$terms of stroke volume ($$SV) $$and heart rate ($$HR$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 18

Which of the following arteries is NOT part of the Circle of Willis?

Accepted Answer

Basilar artery

Question 19

Which fetal vessel carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

Umbilical vein

Question 20

A patient with type O negative blood can donate to which of the following recipients?

Accepted Answer

Any blood type

Anatomy & Physiology: Blood, Heart, Vascular System, Fetal Circulation, and ECG Study Guide

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