Question 1

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells must be motile and divide.

Question 2

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for forming the selective barrier between the inside and outside of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 3

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is negative?

Accepted Answer

K\+ diffuses out of the cell more easily than Na\+ enters, leaving behind negatively charged proteins.

Question 5

Which type of cell junction would you expect to find in tissues that experience significant mechanical stress, such as cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Desmosomes

Question 6

A researcher observes a tissue sample with cells that are flat, arranged in multiple layers, and function as a protective barrier. Which type of epithelial tissue is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 7

Which property is most consistent among all connective tissues?

Accepted Answer

Greater amount of extracellular matrix compared to cellular content

Question 8

Which of the following tissues has little to no functional regenerative capacity after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle and nervous tissue

Question 9

A patient suffers a third-degree burn. Which of the following is NOT an immediate threat to their survival?

Accepted Answer

Electrolyte imbalance

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a step in tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Formation of new stem cells

Question 11

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell. Which equation best describes the osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$responsible for this movement of water?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 12

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

A patient with a genetic defect in collagen synthesis would most likely have problems with which tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the root hair plexus?

Accepted Answer

Allow the hair to assist in touch sensation

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the skin appears red in fair-skinned individuals after exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased hemoglobin in the dermal blood vessels

Question 16

A biopsy reveals a tissue with striations, branching cells, and intercalated discs. Which tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Allow ions and small molecules to pass directly between cells for rapid communication

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, packaging, and shipping of proteins and lipids

Question 19

A patient with a mutation affecting the Na\+/K\+ ATPase pump would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Disrupted ion gradients and impaired cell function

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream; exocrine glands secrete substances onto body surfaces or into body cavities.

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1 Review: Cells, Tissues, and the Integumentary System

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