Question 1

Which directional term best describes the position of the nose relative to the ears?

Accepted Answer

The nose is medial to the ears.

Question 2

A patient presents with damage to the plasma membrane of their cells. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of ions

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They prevent leakage of extracellular fluid between cells.

Question 4

During embryonic development, which germ layer gives rise to the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Ectoderm

Question 5

A researcher is studying the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane. Which equation best represents Fick's Law of Diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$ J = D \frac{(C_1$ - C_2$)}{d} $$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Contraction

Question 7

A cell is observed undergoing mitosis. At which stage do the chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 8

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting desmosomes. Which tissue type is most likely to be compromised?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the sequence of embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Zygote → Morula → Blastocyst → Embryo

Question 11

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?

Accepted Answer

Coronal (frontal) plane

Question 12

Which of the following cell junctions is most important for communication between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 13

A biopsy reveals a tissue with cells arranged in a single layer, all touching the basement membrane. What type of epithelial tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 14

Which process is most directly responsible for the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 15

Which of the following is a unique feature of meiosis compared to mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of chromosome number by half

Question 16

Aging in tissues is often associated with which cellular change?

Accepted Answer

Decreased collagen production

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of teratogens during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

They cause congenital malformations.

Question 18

Which region of the body is described as being inferior to the thoracic region?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal region

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification and packaging of proteins

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a disorder affecting the process of endocytosis. Which cellular function is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Uptake of large molecules

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1 Study Guide: Directional Terminology, Cells, Development, and Tissues

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