Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of negative feedback in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It reverses deviations from a set point to maintain stability.

Question 2

A patient’s blood glucose rises after a meal. Which feedback system is primarily responsible for returning glucose levels to normal?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback system

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct order of increasing complexity in the levels of organization in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 4

Sulfur has 6 electrons in its outer shell. According to the octet rule, how many covalent bonds can sulfur form?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why radioactive isotopes are useful as tracers in medical research?

Accepted Answer

Organisms incorporate radioactive isotopes into their molecules, allowing researchers to track their movement using special scanning devices.

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond is formed when electrons are shared equally between two atoms?

Accepted Answer

Non-polar covalent bond

Question 7

A hydrolysis reaction in the body is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of a molecule into smaller components by adding water.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double helix made up of nucleotide base pairs.

Question 9

According to the cell theory, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

Cells arise from the division of pre-existing cells.

Question 10

The Golgi apparatus modifies products produced by the:

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They prevent leakage of extracellular fluid across a layer of epithelial cells.

Question 12

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to the inside of a cell is called:

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It contains cells embedded in an extracellular matrix.

Question 14

Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 15

If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst due to water intake.

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A-B + H_2O \rightarrow A-OH + B-H$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They decrease the activation energy, speeding up reactions.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about malignant cell characteristics is correct?

Accepted Answer

Malignant cells exhibit uncontrolled growth and can invade surrounding tissues.

Question 20

A researcher is studying the movement of water across a cell membrane. Which equation best represents the net movement of water in osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$J_{water} = L_p (\Delta \pi)$$

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1 Study Guide: Core Concepts and Sample Questions

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