Question 1

A patient presents with a suspicious skin lesion. According to the ABCD rule for skin cancer detection, which of the following characteristics would NOT be assessed?

Accepted Answer

Blisters

Question 2

A 45-year-old man suffers a bone fracture. Which cell type is primarily responsible for breaking down damaged bone tissue during the initial phase of bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 3

A child is diagnosed with rickets due to poor calcium absorption. Which vitamin, synthesized by the skin, is most directly involved in calcium absorption in the intestine?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of collagen fibers

Question 5

A patient with a severe burn is at risk for dehydration due to loss of the skin's waterproofing layer. Which layer of the epidermis provides this waterproofing function?

Accepted Answer

Stratum corneum

Question 6

A 16-year-old develops a blackhead on her nose. What is the underlying cause of this skin condition?

Accepted Answer

An oxidized clogged sebaceous gland

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why tendons are able to resist high tensile forces in one direction?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of dense regular connective tissue

Question 8

A patient with osteoporosis is prescribed a medication that increases calcitonin secretion. What effect will this have on blood calcium levels and osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits osteoclast activity; decreases blood calcium

Question 9

Which of the following is the main embryonic origin of all connective tissues in the body?

Accepted Answer

Mesoderm

Question 10

A patient is unable to produce enough collagenase. What effect might this have on their skin?

Accepted Answer

Decreased natural turnover of collagen, leading to increased wrinkles

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process by which cartilage is replaced by bone tissue during fetal development?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 12

A patient with a genetic disorder has defective canaliculi in their bone tissue. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Communication between osteocytes within lacunae

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the composition of sweat produced by eccrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Lots of water and some salt

Question 14

A patient is found to have a tumor originating in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis. Which type of skin cancer is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the hypodermis is the primary site for fat accumulation when a person gains weight?

Accepted Answer

It contains a high concentration of adipose tissue

Question 16

Which of the following is the primary function of red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Formation of new blood cells

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a rare and aggressive skin cancer originating in the sebaceous glands. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous carcinoma

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Fibers and ground substance

Question 19

Which hormone is most important for stimulating bone growth during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 20

A patient presents with a loss of fingerprints after a severe burn. Which layer of the skin is responsible for the formation of fingerprints?

Accepted Answer

Papillary layer

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 2 Review: Step-by-Step Study Guidance

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