Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of simple squamous epithelium, and where is it most commonly found?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion and filtration; found in the alveoli of the lungs

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, blistered, and painful, covering approximately 20% of their body. According to the 'rule of nines,' which of the following best describes the severity and danger of this burn?

Accepted Answer

It is a second-degree burn and considered dangerous due to the percentage affected

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly compares exocrine and endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete their products onto body surfaces or into body cavities via ducts, while endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood.

Question 4

Which connective tissue type is characterized by a matrix with all three fiber types (collagen, elastic, and reticular), is widely distributed under epithelia, and serves as a packing material?

Accepted Answer

Areolar connective tissue

Question 5

A patient with osteoporosis has bones that break easily. Which component is most likely deficient, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Collagen; bones become brittle and shatter easily

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces a hyaline cartilage model, forming most bones below the skull

Question 7

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the yellow to orange coloration of the skin, and where is it most likely to accumulate?

Accepted Answer

Carotene; accumulates in the stratum corneum and subcutaneous fat

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in tissue repair after injury?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation, organization (granulation tissue formation), regeneration or fibrosis

Question 9

A patient has a blood calcium level of $$6.5\ \mathrm{mg/dL} ($$normal: $$8.5-10.5\ \mathrm{mg/dL}). $$Which hormone will be secreted to correct this imbalance, and what is its effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); increases bone resorption

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the epiphyseal plate in long bones?

Accepted Answer

It allows for longitudinal growth of the bone during childhood and adolescence

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is striated and contains intercalated discs

Question 12

A patient presents with a yellowish tint to their skin and eyes. Which term describes this condition, and what is a likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice; accumulation of bilirubin due to liver dysfunction

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Composed of trabeculae, provides support and houses red bone marrow

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between regeneration and fibrosis during tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Regeneration restores original tissue function; fibrosis replaces tissue with scar tissue

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

They resorb (break down) bone matrix, releasing calcium into the blood

Question 17

A 25-year-old athlete suffers a compound (open) fracture of the femur. Which of the following correctly lists the stages of bone repair in order?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)?

Accepted Answer

Anchors the skin to underlying structures and stores fat

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a holocrine gland and its mode of secretion?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland; secretes by cell rupture

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclast activity

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 2 Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

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