Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines?

Total Burn Area (%) = $$ \sum \text{(Area of each region affected)} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the basement membrane of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans, providing structural support and anchoring the epithelium to underlying connective tissue.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that affects only the epidermis, causing redness and pain but no blistering. According to burn classification, which degree of burn is this?

Accepted Answer

First-degree burn

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of keratin in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Provides waterproofing and protection against abrasion

Question 4

Which connective tissue has a liquid matrix?

Accepted Answer

Blood

Question 5

A 10-year-old child fractures the epiphyseal plate of their femur. Why is this injury particularly concerning?

Accepted Answer

It can disrupt normal bone growth, potentially leading to limb length discrepancies.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances onto epithelial surfaces.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines?

Accepted Answer

Total Burn Area (%) = $$ \sum 	ext{(Area of each region affected)} $$

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the subcutaneous layer?

Accepted Answer

Production of keratin

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why osteoporosis is more common in women than in men?

Accepted Answer

Women experience a rapid decrease in estrogen after menopause, which accelerates bone resorption.

Question 10

Which of the following is a major function of white adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and insulation

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament model of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, increasing overlap but maintaining their original length.

Question 12

Which of the following is a structural feature unique to synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of dendritic cells in the skin?

Accepted Answer

They act as immune sentinels, detecting and presenting antigens to other immune cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between ligaments and tendons?

Accepted Answer

Ligaments connect bone to bone, while tendons connect muscle to bone.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Stores and releases calcium ions ($$ 	ext{Ca}^{2+} ) $$for muscle contraction

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, while spongy bone is porous and found inside bones, especially at the ends.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

Shoulder (glenohumeral) joint

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of melanin pigments in the skin?

Accepted Answer

They cover the nuclei of keratinocytes to protect DNA from UV radiation.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

They break down bone matrix, releasing calcium into the bloodstream.

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 2 Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

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