Question 1

Which of the following best describes blood as a tissue?

Accepted Answer

Blood is a special connective tissue that develops from mesenchyme.

Question 2

Which plasma protein is most abundant in human blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 3

A patient with type AB blood receives a transfusion of type O blood. Which antigen-antibody reaction will occur?

Accepted Answer

No reaction, because type O blood lacks A and B antigens.

Question 4

Which chemical form of hemoglobin is responsible for transporting carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Carbaminohemoglobin

Question 5

Which hormone regulates the production of erythropoietin (EPO) in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)

Question 6

Which pigment is produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin and is responsible for the yellow color of bruises?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin

Question 7

A patient presents with anemia due to chronic blood loss. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency from ongoing hemorrhage

Question 8

Which step of hemostasis involves the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation

Question 9

Given the following values: End-Diastolic Volume (EDV) = 120 mL, End-Systolic Volume (ESV) = 50 mL, calculate the stroke volume (SV) using the formula $$SV = EDV - ESV.$$

Accepted Answer

$$SV = 120 - 50 = 70\ \mathrm{mL}$$

Question 10

Which structure is responsible for the intrinsic conduction of electrical impulses in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 11

Which cell junction is most important for rapid electrical communication between cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 12

A patient suffers a myocardial infarction (MI). Which part of the heart is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 13

Which layer of the heart wall contains the contractile cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 14

Which vessel drains blood from the head but not the arms?

Accepted Answer

Jugular vein

Question 15

Which artery is a direct branch of the aorta and supplies the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Renal artery

Question 16

Which of the following is a bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of clotting factors?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia

Question 17

Which process involves the shrinking and tightening of a blood clot after formation?

Accepted Answer

Clot retraction

Question 18

Which of the following is a thromboembolic disorder characterized by the formation of clots in unbroken blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Thrombosis

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a major component of whole blood?

Accepted Answer

Lymph

Question 20

Which regulatory centers in the brain control the acceleration and inhibition of heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Medullary cardiovascular centers

Anatomy & Physiology Exam Study Guide: Blood, Heart, and Major Vessels

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