Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of atomic mass for an element?

$$\text{Atomic mass} = \text{Number of protons} + \text{Number of neutrons}$$

Q: Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

$$\text{A} + \text{B} \rightarrow \text{AB}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between negative and positive feedback mechanisms in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback reduces the original stimulus to maintain stability, while positive feedback amplifies the stimulus to drive processes to completion.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which property of water is most critical for maintaining blood volume and pressure in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Water's role in hydrostatic pressure and osmolarity.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of atomic mass for an element?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Atomic mass} = 	ext{Number of protons} + 	ext{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 4

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is correct regarding its acidity and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of hydrogen ions.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fatty acids are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids lack double bonds, allowing them to pack tightly, while unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds that create kinks and prevent tight packing.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{A} + 	ext{B} ightarrow 	ext{AB}$$

Question 7

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink because water moves out of the cell.

Question 8

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient using carrier proteins, while active transport moves substances against their gradient using energy (ATP).

Question 11

Which of the following cell junctions is most important for preventing leakage between epithelial cells in the lining of the intestine?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 12

A mutation causes a cell to lose its ability to undergo apoptosis. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will divide uncontrollably, potentially leading to cancer.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of goblet cells in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Production of mucus for lubrication and protection.

Question 14

Which connective tissue fiber type provides the greatest tensile strength to tissues such as tendons and ligaments?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a primary germ layer and a tissue derived from it?

Accepted Answer

Endoderm – epithelial lining of the digestive tract

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between serous and mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

Serous membranes line closed body cavities and secrete watery fluid, while mucous membranes line cavities open to the exterior and secrete mucus.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the role of buffers in maintaining blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Buffers prevent drastic changes in pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine – thymine

Question 19

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting collagen synthesis. Which tissue type is most likely to be compromised?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of autophagy in cells?

Accepted Answer

Cellular self-digestion of damaged organelles and proteins for recycling.

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts and Cellular Structure

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