Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, while physiology is the study of how those parts function.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing swelling due to water moving into their cells. Which type of solution are their cells most likely exposed to?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution

Question 3

Which plane divides the body into right and left halves?

Accepted Answer

Sagittal plane

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a negative feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin

Question 5

Given the following scenario: A cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of pH?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}[\mathrm{H}^+]$$

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 9

A solution contains 0.1 mol/L NaCl. What is its osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

$$0.2\ \mathrm{osm/L}$$

Question 10

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Serves as the primary energy currency for cellular processes

Question 12

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will shrink due to water loss.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule

Question 14

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between active and passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions.

Question 17

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[\mathrm{H}^+] in $$the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Forming a selectively permeable barrier

Question 19

Which process describes the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 20

A cell is placed in a solution and neither swells nor shrinks. What can you conclude about the solution?

Accepted Answer

It is isotonic to the cell.

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts and Cellular Structure Study Notes

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