Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a solution, a colloid, and a suspension in terms of particle size and stability?

Accepted Answer

A solution has small particles that do not settle, a colloid has medium particles that do not settle, and a suspension has large particles that settle out.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing metabolic acidosis. Which of the following buffer systems in the human body is most likely to help compensate for the pH imbalance?

Accepted Answer

The bicarbonate buffer system

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?

Accepted Answer

Glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) being converted to carbon dioxide (CO_2$) and water (H_2O$) during cellular respiration

Question 4

Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?

Accepted Answer

Frontal (coronal) plane

Question 5

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water moves out of the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and modification for secretion or membrane insertion

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group.

Question 9

A mutation in the gene coding for a transmembrane protein results in the loss of ligand-gated channel function. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion of ions in response to signaling molecules

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about the sodium-potassium pump ($$Na^+/K^+$$ ATPase)?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 13

A patient is unable to produce sufficient insulin, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. Which feedback mechanism is failing?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP through aerobic respiration

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine, guanine pairs with cytosine

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between active and passive transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins for secretion

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches its anticodon to the codon on mRNA.

Question 19

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[H^+]) in $$the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli in epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli increase the surface area for absorption.

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts, Chemistry, and Cell Biology Study Notes

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