Question 1

Which of the following best describes the organization of the human body from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Atoms → molecules → cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organism

Question 2

A patient is unable to flex their antecubital region. Which area of the body is affected?

Accepted Answer

The front of the elbow

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic of living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to maintain homeostasis

Question 4

Which equation best represents a redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\ce{2Na + Cl2 -\u003e 2NaCl}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the function of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers minimize changes in pH by accepting or donating H$$^+$$ ions.

Question 6

A scientist is studying the sodium-potassium pump in a nerve cell. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this process?

Accepted Answer

It is an example of active transport that requires ATP.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions.

Question 8

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis moves substances out of the cell, while endocytosis brings substances into the cell.

Question 11

Which of the following best represents the classification of a decomposition reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\ce{2H2O2 -\u003e 2H2O + O2}$$

Question 12

A patient is experiencing a disruption in homeostasis. Which of the following is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

The internal environment is no longer stable.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the direction of movement for substances during passive transport?

Accepted Answer

From an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Both endocytosis and exocytosis require ATP to move substances across the membrane.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that fits only specific substrates.

Question 16

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of H$$^+$$ ions in the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It allows for flexibility and the movement of proteins within the lipid bilayer.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\ce{2H2 + O2 -\u003e 2H2O}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of concentration gradients in cellular transport?

Accepted Answer

They drive the movement of substances from areas of high to low concentration during passive transport.

Question 20

A person is unable to properly digest carbohydrates. Which of the following is most likely deficient in their body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes that break down carbohydrates

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts Study Guide

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