Question 1

Which of the following best describes homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct order of levels of organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, biosphere

Question 3

A patient is experiencing a drop in blood pH from 7.4 to 7.1. Which of the following best describes this change?

Accepted Answer

The blood is becoming more acidic due to an increase in hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the mathematical definition of pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin and glucagon.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the role of the law of mass balance in physiology?

Accepted Answer

The amount of substance entering the body must equal the amount leaving plus any change in storage.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a major group of biomolecules?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes

Question 9

A scientist is testing the effect of a new drug on heart rate. She gives the drug to one group and a sugar pill to another group, but neither group knows which they received. What is the purpose of the sugar pill?

Accepted Answer

To serve as a placebo and control for psychological effects.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the movement of substances between adjacent cells.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It stores genetic information and coordinates cellular activities such as growth and reproduction.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between positive and feedforward feedback?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback amplifies a response, while feedforward feedback anticipates changes and initiates a response before they occur.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Protection, secretion, and absorption.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

They are protein channels that allow direct communication between adjacent cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is a major function of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Support, protection, and binding of other tissues.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of solute proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the transport of molecules across cell membranes.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of flagella in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Movement of the cell through its environment.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between polar and nonpolar molecules?

Accepted Answer

Polar molecules have unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in partial charges; nonpolar molecules have equal sharing of electrons.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the five functional categories of epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Secretion, absorption, protection, sensation, and filtration.

Question 20

A patient is unable to absorb nutrients properly due to damage in the lining of the small intestine. Which tissue type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundations and Biomolecules (Chapters 1-3 Study Guide)

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