Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a compound and a mixture?

Accepted Answer

Compounds involve chemical bonding between components, while mixtures do not.

Question 2

A patient presents with hypernatremia (high sodium levels). Which physiological effect is most likely to occur as a result?

Accepted Answer

Water is drawn out of brain cells, leading to cellular dehydration and neurological symptoms.

Question 3

Which statement about water is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are nonpolar, resulting in poor solubility for charged substances.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, lowering activation energy and increasing reaction speed.

Question 5

A neutral fat (triglyceride) is formed by which type of chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis, which joins three fatty acids to a glycerol molecule.

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the atomic structure of elements?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are electrically neutral when the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond is formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{HCl} + \mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} $$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain pH stability by resisting abrupt changes in hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 7 is neutral, having equal concentrations of $$ \mathrm{H}^+ $$ and $$ \mathrm{OH}^- $$ ions.

Question 11

Which of the following macromolecules is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{A} + \mathrm{B} \rightarrow \mathrm{AB} $$

Question 13

Which property of water allows it to act as a universal solvent?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form hydrogen bonds and its polarity

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, resulting in a bent structure and liquid form at room temperature.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides immediate, usable energy for cellular processes.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions as enzymes

Question 18

Which of the following statements about chemical reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis reactions are anabolic and require energy.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why carbon is found in all organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing for complex and diverse molecular structures.

Anatomy & Physiology I – Chapter 2: Chemistry Study Notes

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