Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Produce ATP through cellular respiration

Question 2

A patient is admitted to the hospital with severe dehydration. Which process is most directly affected in their cells due to the loss of water?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis across the plasma membrane

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the dissociation of water, which is fundamental to understanding pH in body fluids?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H_2O \rightarrow H^+ + OH^-}$$

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst as water enters the cell by osmosis.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are essential for metabolic reactions in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur.

Question 6

A patient with a genetic mutation affecting collagen production is most likely to have problems with which tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 7

During a laboratory experiment, a student observes that a cell placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than the cytoplasm shrinks. Which term best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure and function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in the levels of organization in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Atoms form molecules, molecules form cells, cells form tissues, tissues form organs, organs form organ systems, and organ systems form the organism.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with acidosis, a condition in which the blood pH drops below normal. Which of the following equations represents the buffer system that helps maintain blood pH?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$ + H_2O \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3 \leftrightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the sodium-potassium pump is considered an example of active transport?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP to move ions against their concentration gradients.

Question 12

A person suffers a severe burn that destroys the epidermis and part of the dermis. Which of the following best describes the tissue type primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system that is essential for maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Storage of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus

Question 14

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to a lack of calcium ions. Which process in muscle contraction is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Binding of myosin to actin filaments

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of negative feedback in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It reverses a change to bring the internal environment back to a set point.

Question 16

A laboratory test shows a patient's blood has a pH of 7.1. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The blood is acidic.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a universal solvent in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It can dissolve a wide variety of substances due to its polarity.

Question 18

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin D is at risk for which of the following conditions, and why?

Accepted Answer

Rickets, because vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption and bone mineralization.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of microtubules in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support and are involved in cell division.

Question 20

A scientist is studying the movement of oxygen from the alveoli of the lungs into the blood. Which process is primarily responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Anatomy & Physiology I – Course Overview and Study Guide

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