Question 1

Which of the following best describes the correction for hyperopia (farsightedness)?

Accepted Answer

A convex lens is used to converge incoming light onto the retina.

Question 2

Which sensory pathway does NOT transmit information through the thalamus before reaching the cortex?

Accepted Answer

Olfactory pathway

Question 3

A patient is unable to see distant objects clearly, but can see near objects without difficulty. Which condition does this patient most likely have, and what is the anatomical cause?

Accepted Answer

Myopia; eyeball is too long

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the gustatory pathway?

Accepted Answer

Gustatory stimuli are carried to the CNS by facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves.

Question 5

Which structure in the eye is responsible for minimizing the scattering of incoming light and contains capillaries and pigment?

Accepted Answer

Choroid

Question 6

A patient presents with blurry vision when looking at close objects, but can see distant objects clearly. Which lens type would correct this condition?

Accepted Answer

Convex lens

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the transmission of sound from the external environment to the cochlea?

Accepted Answer

Pinna → tympanic membrane → ossicles → oval window → cochlea

Question 8

Which part of the ear is primarily responsible for detecting rotational movement of the head?

Accepted Answer

Semicircular canals

Question 9

Which hormone is released in response to increased blood solute concentration and acts on the kidneys to conserve water?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback loop regulating thyroid hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Low levels of T3 and T4 stimulate TRH and TSH release.

Question 11

Which cell type in the pancreatic islets secretes insulin?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly calculates the net filtration pressure (NFP) at the arteriolar end of a capillary?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NFP} = \mathrm{Hydrostatic\ Pressure} - \mathrm{Colloid\ Osmotic\ Pressure}$$

Question 13

A blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg refers to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

120 mm Hg is systolic, 80 mm Hg is diastolic

Question 14

Which of the following is the most common leukocyte and is primarily responsible for ingesting and destroying bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Returning excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the spleen in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

It filters pathogens from blood and destroys old erythrocytes.

Question 17

Which type of immunity responds to all pathogens in the same way and does not require prior exposure?

Accepted Answer

Innate (nonspecific) immunity

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the cardiac action potential in contractile cells?

Accepted Answer

The plateau phase is maintained by calcium ion influx.

Question 19

Which wave on an ECG represents ventricular depolarization?

Accepted Answer

QRS complex

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

They exchange gases, nutrients, and wastes between blood and tissues.

Anatomy & Physiology II: Special Senses, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Blood, and Lymphatic Systems (Ch. 15-20) Study Guide

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