Question 1

Which type of lens is used to correct myopia (nearsightedness), and why?

Accepted Answer

A concave lens, because it diverges incoming light before it reaches the eye.

Question 2

Which sensory pathway does NOT transmit information through the thalamus before reaching the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

Olfactory pathway

Question 3

A patient is unable to distinguish between sweet and salty tastes. Which cranial nerves are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Facial (CN VII) and Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Question 4

Which structure in the eye is responsible for minimizing the scattering of incoming light and contains capillaries and pigment?

Accepted Answer

Choroid

Question 5

A person is exposed to cold temperatures, leading to increased secretion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). What is the expected effect on thyroid hormone levels?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone levels will increase to promote heat production.

Question 6

Which hormone is secreted by pancreatic alpha cells and increases blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 7

Calculate the net filtration pressure (NFP) at the arteriolar end of a capillary if the hydrostatic pressure is 35 mm Hg and the colloid osmotic pressure is 22 mm Hg. Use the formula $$\mathrm{NFP} = \mathrm{HP} - \mathrm{COP}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NFP} = 35\ \mathrm{mm\ Hg} - 22\ \mathrm{mm\ Hg} = 13\ \mathrm{mm\ Hg}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the basilar membrane in the cochlea?

Accepted Answer

It transduces sound wave energy into electrical impulses via hair cells.

Question 9

A patient has a blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg. What is the pulse pressure, and how is it calculated?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Pulse\ Pressure} = 120\ \mathrm{mm\ Hg} - 80\ \mathrm{mm\ Hg} = 40\ \mathrm{mm\ Hg}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system that helps prevent edema?

Accepted Answer

Return of excess interstitial fluid to the cardiovascular system

Question 11

Which type of immunity involves B cells producing antibodies in response to antigens?

Accepted Answer

Antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity

Question 12

A patient’s ECG shows an abnormal QRS complex. Which cardiac event is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular depolarization

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why mature erythrocytes are anucleate?

Accepted Answer

To increase their oxygen-carrying capacity by providing more space for hemoglobin

Question 14

Which hormone is released in response to increased blood calcium levels and acts to decrease those levels?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the negative feedback loop regulating thyroid hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

High levels of T3 and T4 inhibit TRH and TSH release.

Question 16

Which of the following blood vessels contains valves and serves as the main reservoir for blood in the body?

Accepted Answer

Veins

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Forming a platelet plug to seal broken vessels

Question 18

A patient receives a kidney transplant from a nonidentical individual of the same species. What type of graft is this?

Accepted Answer

Allograft

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the spleen in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

It filters pathogens from blood and destroys old erythrocytes.

Anatomy & Physiology II: Special Senses, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Blood, and Lymphatic Systems (Ch. 15-20) Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드