Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the stratum corneum in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a barrier to pathogens and prevents water loss.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, painful, and blisters are present. Which degree of burn is most likely, and which layers of the skin are affected?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn; epidermis and part of the dermis are affected.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with melanoma. According to the ABCDE rule, which characteristic is most concerning for malignancy?

Accepted Answer

A mole with a diameter greater than 6 mm

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands are involved in thermoregulation, while apocrine glands become active at puberty and are associated with body odor.

Question 6

Which of the following factors does NOT affect skin color?

Accepted Answer

Thickness of the hypodermis

Question 7

Which type of bone cell is primarily responsible for bone resorption during bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 8

A child with bowed legs and delayed growth is diagnosed with rickets. Which deficiency is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D deficiency

Question 9

Which of the following best describes endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces a cartilage model during fetal development.

Question 10

During bone repair, which step occurs immediately after the formation of a hematoma?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus

Question 11

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 12

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures because:

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption exceeds bone formation, leading to decreased bone mass.

Question 13

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 14

Which cranial bone contains the foramen magnum?

Accepted Answer

Occipital bone

Question 15

How many cervical vertebrae are present in the human vertebral column?

Accepted Answer

7

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the intervertebral discs?

Accepted Answer

They act as shock absorbers and allow flexibility in the vertebral column.

Question 17

A patient has a lateral curvature of the vertebral column. This condition is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Scoliosis

Question 18

Which of the following pairs correctly matches a girdle with its bones?

Accepted Answer

Pelvic girdle: ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the developmental process of intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone develops directly from mesenchymal tissue without a cartilage stage.

Question 20

A 60-year-old woman presents with frequent bone fractures and a decrease in bone mineral density. Which of the following best explains her condition?

Accepted Answer

Increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation, leading to osteoporosis

Anatomy & Physiology: Integumentary and Skeletal Systems Study Guide

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