Question 1

Which process in glucose metabolism occurs in the cytosol and does not require oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 2

During aerobic cellular respiration, what is the total net ATP yield per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$ 36 $$

Question 3

What is the primary role of the citric acid cycle in cellular energetics?

Accepted Answer

Producing NADH and FADH$$_2$$ for the electron transport chain

Question 4

Which nutrient in the nutrient pool is most often used to replace structural and functional components of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 5

What is the first step in amino acid catabolism for energy?

Accepted Answer

Deamination

Question 6

Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting cholesterol from somatic cells to the liver?

Accepted Answer

HDL

Question 7

A cell with excess carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids will break down carbohydrates in order to:

Accepted Answer

Generate ATP quickly

Question 8

What is the term for an amino acid that cannot be synthesized or is not synthesized in adequate amounts by the body?

Accepted Answer

Essential amino acid

Question 9

Which vitamin is required for the synthesis of visual pigments?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Question 10

What is the process called when fatty acids are broken down into two-carbon fragments?

Accepted Answer

Beta-oxidation

Question 11

Which of the following tissues contains no reserves of carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins and can meet only a fraction of its energy needs through anaerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Neural tissue

Question 12

If excess glucose remains in the blood after glycogen formation, hepatocytes use the glucose to synthesize:

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides

Question 13

Which of the following is a nitrogen-containing compound important for energy storage in muscle?

Accepted Answer

Creatine

Question 14

What is the minimum resting energy expenditure of an awake, alert person called?

Accepted Answer

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 15

Which process in the metabolism of glucose does not require oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 16

What is the term for the direct transfer of heat energy through physical contact?

Accepted Answer

Conduction

Question 17

Which of the following foods are deficient in dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Meat and dairy products

Question 18

Why is hypervitaminosis involving water-soluble vitamins relatively uncommon?

Accepted Answer

They are rapidly excreted in urine

Question 19

Which lipoprotein carries dietary triglycerides to the liver?

Accepted Answer

Chylomicrons

Question 20

What is the primary focus of nutritional processing in the postabsorptive state?

Accepted Answer

Mobilizing energy reserves

Anatomy & Physiology: Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics Study Guide

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