Question 1

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for the sense of taste on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 2

A patient presents with reduced ability to see objects clearly due to irregularly curved cornea or lens. What is the name of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Astigmatism

Question 3

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 4

A person is unable to taste sweet foods. Which taste bud type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Fungiform papillae

Question 5

Which structure in the eye produces a lipid-rich secretion that prevents the upper and lower eyelids from sticking together?

Accepted Answer

Meibomian (tarsal) gland

Question 6

Which hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 7

A patient has difficulty balancing when turning their head quickly. Which structure in the inner ear is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Semicircular canals

Question 8

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 9

What is the main function of the rods in the retina?

Accepted Answer

Detection of dim light and peripheral vision

Question 10

Which hormone is released in response to low blood pressure and acts to retain water in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 11

A patient is unable to hear high-frequency sounds. Which part of the cochlea is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

The base

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 13

Which of the following is a peptide hormone?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 14

A patient has a pituitary tumor that increases secretion of growth hormone. Which condition is most likely to develop in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 15

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between frequency ($$f$$), wavelength ($$\lambda$$), and speed of sound ($$v) in $$the cochlea?

Accepted Answer

$$v = f 	imes \lambda$$

Question 16

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and is involved in uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 17

A patient is unable to distinguish between red and green colors. Which photoreceptor type is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Red or green cones

Question 18

Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels during the alarm phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 19

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?

Accepted Answer

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

Question 20

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and regulates circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Anatomy & Physiology: Nervous and Endocrine Systems Study Guide

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